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Best Solar Companies of 2026

Compare top solar companies on costs, warranties and reviews

    • Best overall
      Sunrun
      4.3(4,102)
    • Payment options
      Freedom Power Solar
      4.2(341)
    • DIY
      ShopSolar
      4.3(221)
    +2 more
    Author picture
    Fact-checked by: Jon Bortin

    Best Solar Companies of 2026

    The best solar companies of 2026 are Sunrun, Freedom Power Solar and ShopSolar. Each stands out for something different, from full-service installation and flexible payment options to DIY solar projects.

    With the typical residential solar system costing $20,534, choosing the right company can make a big difference. We compared leading providers to help you weigh your options and find the best fit for your energy needs and budget.

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    Our review standards

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    Our picks for the top 3 solar companies

    1. Best solar company overall: Sunrun
    2. Best for flexible payment options: Freedom Power Solar
    3. Best for DIY projects: ShopSolar

    The ConsumerAffairs Research Team compared solar companies based on customer reviews, installation quality, pricing, warranties and payment options. Our rankings are editorially independent, even when companies compensate us. Read our full methodology to learn more about how we evaluate and rank solar companies.

    Compare the best solar energy companies

    Learn More About Solar Energy
    Best overall
    Sunrun logo
    Max. panel efficiency
    22%
    Panel warranty
    25 years
    Workmanship warranty
    10 years
    Payment options
    Cash, loan, lease
    Why we picked Sunrun

    Sunrun stands out for its battery backup options and $0-down solar leases. You can pair your panels with batteries from brands like Tesla and Lunar Energy to keep essential appliances running during power outages.

    Sunrun also handles installation and ongoing maintenance for leased systems, making it a good choice if you want a hands-off solar experience.

    Choose Sunrun if: You want professional installation, battery backup and ongoing support.

    Pros
    • $0-down solar lease options
    • Multiple battery brands
    • Maintenance included with leases
    • Professional installation
    Cons
    • Long-term lease commitments
    • Potential annual payment increases
    • Repair costs for some purchased systems
    • Some customers report service delays
    4x Award Winner
    Sunrun won four 2026 Buyer's Choice Awards from ConsumerAffairs for Best Customer Service, Best Value for Price, Best for Installation, and Best Equipment.
    Plans and pricing

    Sunrun offers several ways to pay for solar, including leases, power purchase agreements (PPAs) and system purchases. Available options vary by location. The biggest differences are who owns the panels, how you pay and who’s responsible for maintenance.

    • Solar subscription: Lease your panels with little to no upfront cost and make monthly payments. Sunrun owns the system and covers routine maintenance and repairs. Payments may increase each year, and you’ll still receive an electric bill from your utility. Stanley in California said their monthly payment increased from $108 to $111. Janice in California reported paying $189 per month for solar panels and a battery, with a 3% annual increase.
    • Pay in cash: Buy your system outright to avoid lease payments and loan interest. You own the panels and are generally responsible for maintenance and repairs (subject to warranty coverage). Rich in California reported spending $60,000 on a system, though costs vary widely based on size, equipment and installation requirements.
    What customers say
    Sunrun customers often tell us about smooth installations, helpful staff and lower electric bills. However, some describe equipment problems, delayed repairs or savings that fell short of expectations.
    More about Sunrun

    Solar panels and batteries: Sunrun installs monocrystalline solar panels. Equipment brands and models vary, so ask which panels, inverters and batteries are included in your quote. Specific battery brands vary by location and system compatibility,

    Warranty coverage: Purchased systems have equipment and workmanship coverage, while leases generally include maintenance and repairs. Roof penetration coverage varies by agreement, so check your contract to see how long you’re protected against installation-related leaks.

    Performance guarantee: Eligible Sunrun plans guarantee at least 90% of estimated electricity production over the contract term, with compensation for qualifying shortfalls. Coverage varies by plan and location, so check your contract for details on how production is measured and how credits are calculated.

    Availability: California, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island and Texas.

    Pro tip

    If you’re considering a lease, compare your monthly payments with your expected electric bill savings. Also, ask about annual price increases, the total cost over the contract and what happens if you sell your home.
    Best for flexible payment options
    Freedom Power Solar logo
    Max. panel efficiency
    22.8%
    Panel warranty
    25 years
    Workmanship warranty
    25 years
    Payment options
    Cash, loan
    Why we picked Freedom Power Solar

    Freedom Power Solar gives homeowners several ways to pay for solar, including $0-down leases with fixed monthly payments. Unlike leases with annual price increases, these plans can make your solar costs easier to predict.

    You can also buy your panels outright or finance them. Plus, Freedom Power handles installations with its own crews and backs its work with a 25-year workmanship warranty.

    Choose Freedom Power Solar if: You live in Texas or Florida and want predictable solar payments and flexible financing.

    Pros
    • $0-down solar lease options
    • No annual lease payment increases
    • In-house NABCEP-certified installation crews
    • 25-year workmanship warranty
    Cons
    • Long-term lease commitments
    • Some customers report communication issues
    • Some customers report installation delays
    3x Award Winner
    Freedom Power Solar won three 2026 Buyer's Choice Awards from ConsumerAffairs for Best Customer Service, Best Value for Price, and Best for Installation.
    Plans and pricing

    Freedom Power Solar offers several ways to pay for solar, including $0-down leases with no annual payment increases. That can make your solar costs easier to predict over time.

    • Solar lease: Freedom Power advertises solar plans starting at $99 per month for qualifying homeowners. Actual payments depend on your system, location and financing terms. Maintenance, monitoring and repairs are generally included.
    • Cash purchase: Pay upfront to own your system and avoid interest or monthly lease payments. You’ll be responsible for maintenance and repairs outside your warranty coverage.
    • Financing: Spread the cost of your system over time with a loan. Rates, fees and repayment terms depend on your financing agreement.

    Freedom Power advertises solar payments starting around $99 per month, but your actual cost depends on your home, energy use, equipment and payment plan.

    What customers say

    Freedom Power Solar customers often highlight helpful staff, straightforward installations and lower electric bills. Some report communication problems or delays during installation.

    More about Freedom Power Solar

    Solar panels and batteries: Freedom Power offers panels from manufacturers including Maxeon, Mission Solar and Qcells, along with battery backup options. You can also add equipment such as smart electrical panels, EV chargers and backup generators.

    Workmanship warranty: Installations and electrical work are covered for 25 years. Freedom Power also provides a 10-year roof penetration warranty.

    Equipment warranties: Coverage varies by product. Solar panels generally carry manufacturer warranties of at least 25 years, while battery warranties are typically 10 years.

    Performance guarantee: Depending on the panel manufacturer, the equipment is guaranteed to retain approximately 84% to 92% of its original rated power output after 25 years. This is a manufacturer performance warranty, not a guarantee of how much electricity your entire system will produce.

    Availability: Texas and Florida

    Best for DIY solar projects
    ShopSolar logo
    Max. panel efficiency
    Varies
    Panel warranty
    Varies
    Workmanship warranty
    Varies
    Payment options
    Cash, financing through Affirm
    Why we picked ShopSolar

    ShopSolar makes it easier to buy solar equipment for DIY projects. You can shop for complete kits or individual panels, batteries and inverters, whether you’re powering a home, cabin or RV.

    The company also offers financing and free lifetime technical support. Just keep in mind that you’ll need to handle installation yourself or hire a professional.

    Choose ShopSolar if: You need a DIY or custom solar system option.

    Pros
    • DIY kits for homes, cabins and RVs
    • Wide range of equipment and prices
    • Free lifetime technical support
    • Financing available
    Cons
    • Installation not included
    • Return fees and restrictions
    • Some technical support complaints
    1x Award Winner
    ShopSolar won one 2026 Buyer's Choice Award from ConsumerAffairs for Best Value for Price.
    Plans and pricing

    ShopSolar sells individual solar panels starting at about $90, along with larger kits and bulk orders. For example, a pallet of 36 Sirius PV 630-watt panels costs more than $10,000.

    ShopSolar offers several ways to pay:

    • Pay upfront: Buy your solar kit or equipment outright without paying interest.
    • Affirm financing: Make monthly payments for up to 36 months on purchases of up to $50,000. Qualified buyers may get 0% APR; otherwise, rates range from 10% to 36%.
    • Figure financing: For more expensive projects, eligible homeowners may apply for a home equity line of credit (HELOC) of up to $400,000. Rates and terms vary.
    What customers say
    ShopSolar reviewers appreciate helpful support and easy DIY installation, though some report equipment problems and difficulty getting technical help.
    More about ShopSolar

    Equipment options: Solar panels, batteries, inverters and generators are available from:

    • REC
    • Renogy
    • Canadian Solar
    • EcoFlow
    • SunGold
    • Pecron
    • Anker SOLIX
    • Jackery
    • BLUETTI

    Warranties and guarantees: Most equipment comes with a manufacturer warranty, but coverage varies by product. ShopSolar can help customers with warranty claims, though you may need to contact the manufacturer directly or pay shipping costs.

    Availability: Equipment ships throughout the continental U.S.

    Methodology: How we found the best solar companies

    We looked at the solar companies on the basis of customer satisfaction, service, warranty, price and payment options.

    Our analysis was of verified ConsumerAffairs reviews submitted between Oct. 1, 2023, and Sept. 30, 2026. We looked at customer satisfaction with installation, service and price. We also took into account the volume of recent reviews, company response rates, warranty, payment options, price transparency and DIY support.

    How we scored the companies: Each company was awarded a score from 0 to 10 for each criterion. These scores were then combined into a weighted average, with certain criteria being weighted more heavily than others depending on the award.

    • Best overall: Customer satisfaction carried the most weight, followed by warranties and payment options. Companies also had to meet a minimum review requirement.
    • Best for payment options: Payment flexibility counted for 40% of the score, with customer satisfaction, warranties and other factors making up the rest.
    • Best for DIY: DIY capabilities counted for 50% of the score, with customer satisfaction, warranties and other factors making up the rest.

    The highest-scoring eligible company in each category earned our corresponding "Our pick for" designation.


    Best solar companies by state
    Best solar companies by city

    Solar Energy Companies Buyers Guide

    Jump into our guides and start learning

    Top Picks

    See who reviewers like

    Sunrun logo
    Freedom Power Solar logo
    ShopSolar logo
    See our top picks

    Simplify your search

    Switch to solar with a system built for you.

      ConsumerAffairs has heard from thousands of homeowners who have already installed solar panels. Many are happy with their choice — people like clean energy and lower electric bills. But others say solar wasn’t worth the cost. In the worst-case scenario, homeowners end up paying for a system that doesn’t work and still have to cover their regular utility bills.

      This guide explains how to choose a good solar company, explore incentives and prepare for installation.

      Key insights

      Solar panel installation costs typically range $13,962 to $27,924.

      Jump to insight

      Small roof? High-efficiency panels can help. They cost more but make more energy in less space.

      Jump to insight

      Systems usually pay for themselves in about 11.4 years, and the average homeowner can avoid $49,283 in total utility costs over 25 years.

      Jump to insight

      How much do solar panels cost?

      The average residential solar panel system costs $20,534 in 2026.

      “The price of a system will depend on your electricity usage,” Neil Gallagher, who owns a solar company in Florida, explained. “There's not a fixed price but more of a range.”

      On the high end, we talked to a solar customer in Massachusetts who paid around $50,000 for a system and a solar customer in Hawaii who spent $100,000.

      The table below doesn’t include the cost of a solar battery. Expect to pay an extra $7,000 to $18,000 if you also want an energy storage battery.

      Average solar panel cost by system size

      Illustration of rooftop solar panels and the sun
      How much would it cost you to go solar?

      Get a personalized estimate based on your location and current energy usage.

      Your solar estimate

      Estimated installation cost
      Before incentives
      System size
      Estimated monthly savings
      Estimated bill reduction
      Payback period

      Estimates use EIA electricity rates, ConsumerAffairs cost-per-watt (2026) plus a fixed base install cost, NREL PVWatts production factor and NREL Rooftop Solar Technical Potential (2016) roof-capacity assumptions. Systems are sized to offset up to 100% of your usage, limited by roof space; costs show a ±15% range and exclude incentives. Not a substitute for professional quotes.

      Average solar panel costs by state

      A standard 7-kilowatt (kW) solar panel system costs $19,547. But if your household uses a lot of electricity, you need a bigger, more expensive system. Solar panel prices also vary by location.

      *Before any financial incentives; **How long it takes to break even on solar panel installation costs with cash purchase; ***Estimated total utility power costs avoided over 25 years

      Solar incentives by state

      The 30% federal solar investment tax credit (ITC) expired at the end of 2025, but many states still have solar incentives, such as rebates, tax credits or performance-based programs.

      For instance, California has several solar rebates available through local power companies. The Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target (SMART) Program pays solar system owners for the electricity their panels produce.

      However, some states, like Oklahoma, West Virginia and Alabama, have little or no local incentives encouraging residents to adopt renewable energy.

      What to know about net metering

      If your solar system is connected to the grid, excess electricity may earn bill credits through net metering or another utility compensation program. When your panels are not producing enough power, such as at night, you can draw electricity from the grid or use energy stored in a solar battery.

      Customer experiences with net metering were mixed. Some reviewers reported lower bills and valuable credits for excess energy, while others said their systems were not set up properly or did not produce as much electricity as sales representatives had promised. Some also faced higher-than-expected utility bills as their energy use or utility rates changed.

      For instance, Perry in California said their annual net metering bill increased from about $176 to more than $500 after the system stopped producing enough electricity to offset the home’s usage. “I was told that the only solution was to sign a completely new contract to add more panels. This would also require additional equipment, including batteries, and would increase my monthly costs by approximately $150,” Perry wrote in a review.

      How to pay for solar panels

      Most people choose one of three options: a loan, a lease, or a power purchase agreement (PPA).

      With a solar loan, you borrow money to buy the system and make monthly payments until it’s paid off. You eventually own the panels.

      With a solar lease or PPA, you never own the system. Instead, a solar company installs and owns the panels, and you pay them a set amount each month. Leases are usually a flat fee. With PPAs, you pay for the power you use.

      Pro tip

      If your loan or loan payment is higher than what you currently pay for electricity, solar panels might not save you money.

      » SOLAR PANELS: Buy vs. lease

      How solar installations work

      Understanding the installation process helps you know what to expect from solar installers and avoid surprises.

      1. Consultation: Installers review your home’s solar potential using satellite data and your past electricity usage. Some might show you satellite images of your home at different times of the day. This shows which parts of your home get the most sunlight.
      2. Site assessment: A technician checks your roof’s size, angle, shading and condition to confirm it can support a solar panel system. These assessments provide an overview of your property’s solar potential.
      3. System design and quote: You’ll receive a custom solar energy system design with system size (in kilowatts), estimated production, cost and projected savings.
      4. Permits and installation: After permits are approved, installation usually takes a few days, depending on the system’s size and complexity.
      5. Inspection and activation: Your system is inspected and connected to the grid so it can begin generating electricity.
      6. Ongoing maintenance: Solar panel systems require minimal upkeep, but occasional cleaning helps maintain efficiency.

      Types of solar companies

      Most shoppers will choose among national installers, local installers, DIY equipment providers and solar leasing companies. Solar companies don’t all work the same way. Here are the main types you’ll come across:

      • National installers operate in multiple states and offer a consistent, streamlined process. They usually have more financing options, but service can feel less personal.
      • Local installers focus on your area and often provide more personalized service. They may offer better pricing and know local incentives well.
      • DIY solar providers sell solar kits you install yourself. It can save money upfront, but you’ll handle installation, permits and setup on your own.
      • Solar leasing providers offer leases or power purchase agreements (PPAs). You don’t own the system. You pay monthly to use the energy it produces, usually with little to no upfront cost.

      Solar red flags and warning signs

      Be cautious of anyone who claims solar is “free,” pretends to represent the government or your utility, guarantees savings or pressures you to sign immediately. Other warning signs include:

      • Vague pricing
      • Promises that are not in the contract
      • Requests for sensitive financial information before you receive a detailed written quote.

      How to choose a solar company

      The best solar companies offer reliable installation, clear pricing and long warranties. Follow these steps to compare installers and find the right fit for your home.

      Solar company checklist

      • Define your energy and backup-power goals
      • Check recent reviews for recurring complaints
      • Compare at least three itemized quotes
      • Verify licenses and industry certifications
      • Read every warranty and performance guarantee

      1. Consider your energy goals

      Your goals determine the size and type of system you need.

      • To lower electricity bills, your system must cover most of your energy usage.
      • For energy independence or backup power, you’ll need a solar battery.

      The average American household needs a 7.5-kW system to offset its energy needs. You might need a bigger or smaller system, depending on your energy usage. If you have an electric vehicle, ask about EV charging options.

      2. Check reviews and reputation

      Customer reviews reveal how solar companies perform after installation. Avoid companies with repeated complaints about poor service, misleading sales or billing issues.

      Look for patterns involving:

      • Installation quality and delays
      • Customer service and repairs
      • Accuracy of cost and savings estimates
      • Billing or financing problems

      3. Compare at least three quotes

      Most installers set the price according to the system’s wattage, with a typical cost between $2.00 and $3.50 per watt. Think of cost per watt like miles per gallon for a car: It shows how efficient your system is.

      The average cost per watt is $2.78 in 2026.

      Make sure your solar quotes include installation, permits and grid hookup, and watch for hidden fees like monitoring or service charges. Ask about critter guards to protect your panels if you live in a rural area.

      4. Verify licenses and certifications

      The best solar companies are often associated with the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) or are certified by the Solar Rating & Certification Corporation (SRCC). Solar installers also need electrical licenses in many states.

      5. Pay attention to the warranty

      Solar warranties can be confusing because they’re split across different types, and not all offer the same level of protection. Most systems include:

      • Product (equipment) warranty: Covers defects or failures
      • Performance warranty: Guarantees a minimum level of energy production over time
      • Workmanship warranty: Covers installation issues like wiring or roof penetrations

      When comparing solar companies, focus on who backs each warranty, whether there’s a production guarantee (which protects your savings if the system underperforms) and how coverage differs across panels, inverters, batteries and labor.

      Watch for common gaps

      • Roof penetration warranties are often shorter (around 10 years), even when other coverage lasts 25+ years.
      • Some contracts don’t guarantee system performance at all.
      • Fine print may include requirements for maintenance, monitoring or claim deadlines.

      Compare solar warranties

      Pro tip

      Solar warranties may sound comprehensive, but the details — especially who backs them and whether performance is guaranteed — matter more than the headline number.

      Is going solar worth it?

      Solar is worth it for many homeowners, especially those with high electricity rates, sufficient roof exposure and access to favorable net metering. The average system pays for itself in about 11.4 years and could avoid an estimated $49,283 in utility costs over 25 years.

      Look out for pushy sales reps who make big promises.

      How much money solar saves you depends on electricity costs in your area. In states that offer full-retail net metering credits, adding a battery mainly provides backup power rather than extra savings, so factor that into your payback calculations.

      Real-world examples

      Since going solar, Rosineia in Massachusetts told us she saves around $1,000 per year.

      In the worst-case scenario, you spend thousands on midtier equipment from a company with no follow-up support, like Jaycodezone in New York. “You keep paying for the solar loan and the electric company. I had installed solar with them just last year,” they wrote in a review, “and the panels have stopped producing power. No one is commenting on when this will be fixed.”

      » EXPLORE: Where solar savings go the furthest

      Solar energy pros and cons

      Despite the high upfront costs, solar offers energy savings that can deliver a great return on investment over time. Breaking down the pros and cons can help you get a better idea of whether or not solar is worth it for your home.

      Pros

      • Lower monthly energy bills
      • Energy independence
      • Reduced carbon footprint
      • Potential state and local incentives
      • Increased home value

      Cons

      • High initial cost
      • Can't move with you
      • Not a one-size-fits-all solution
      • Some ongoing maintenance

      What to know about panels and other solar equipment

      The most common types of residential solar PV panels — monocrystalline and polycrystalline — are made of silicon cells, which easily absorb photons from the sun.

      But it’s not just about picking the best solar panels. A solar array is made up of many different components working together.

      • Solar panels: Some solar panels work better than others. Small roofs may need more expensive high-efficiency panels to make enough power. High-efficiency panels generate more power per square foot, allowing you to produce the same energy with fewer panels. However, lower-efficiency panels may be more cost-effective if space isn’t a concern.
      • Solar batteries store that sunny day for a rainy one. If you want to store the energy produced by your solar panels for use later, you need to install solar batteries and a charge controller. This is especially useful if you live in an area with frequent power outages or if you want to use solar energy when the sun is not shining.
      • Mounting and tracking systems maximize sun exposure. These systems attach the solar panels to your roof or another location on your property. The mounting system needs to be sturdy and weather-resistant.
      • Inverters turn sunlight into usable energy. The solar inverter converts the direct current (DC) electricity produced by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity that can be used to power your home or business.
      • Monitoring lets you keep track of your system through an app. Monitoring apps give you real-time data on the performance of your solar panels. You get an alert if there’s a drop in performance. Some advanced monitoring systems let your solar installation company access performance data remotely, which facilitates quick repairs.

      Best and worst states for going solar

      See how your state compares with others on residential electricity prices, solar installation costs, solar potential and solar-friendly policies.

      FAQ

      What questions should I ask a solar company before signing?

      Before signing, ask about the system’s total cost, expected energy production, warranties, financing terms and who will complete the installation. You should also confirm:

      • Whether the quote includes permits, inspections and utility interconnection
      • Which panels, inverter and battery models will be installed
      • Whether installers are employees or subcontractors
      • How much electricity the system is expected to produce each year
      • What happens if production falls below the estimate
      • Who handles repairs, monitoring and warranty claims
      • Whether the agreement includes a lien, rate escalator or early termination fee
      • How selling your home could affect a loan, lease or power purchase agreement

      Get every promise in writing and compare quotes from at least three companies before deciding.

      How do I know if a solar company is reputable?

      A reputable solar company has proper licenses, clear pricing, strong warranties and a consistent record of completing installations and resolving customer problems. Check the company’s state contractor license, insurance coverage, certifications and recent customer reviews.

      Be cautious of companies that use high-pressure sales tactics, promise unrealistic savings, avoid giving you a detailed written quote or ask you to sign before reviewing the full contract. You should also confirm how long the company has operated under its current name and who will be responsible for service after installation.

      What is the payback period for solar panels?

      Solar panels typically pay for themselves in six to 12 years. The solar payback period is the time it takes for your energy savings to equal the upfront cost of your system. After reaching that point, your panels can continue lowering your electricity costs, though you may still have occasional maintenance expenses.

      Are solar panels covered by insurance?

      Roof-mounted solar panels are typically covered by homeowners insurance as part of your dwelling. However, coverage can vary, especially for ground-mounted panels or leased systems. Tell your insurer about the installation and make sure your coverage limit reflects the system’s added value.

      How do solar panels work?

      Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity that can power your home. Photovoltaic panels use silicon cells to absorb sunlight and produce direct-current electricity, which an inverter converts into alternating-current electricity for household use.

      Solar panels also work on cloudy days, but they produce less electricity than they do in direct sunlight.

      How many solar panels do I need to power my house?

      Most homes need about 15 to 30 solar panels, but the exact number depends on your electricity use, available sunlight, roof conditions and panel efficiency. Start by checking your utility bills to find your average monthly electricity use in kilowatt-hours.

      The output of one residential solar panel is generally between 100 watts and 500 watts. For example, a home that uses 1,000 kWh per month and receives five peak sunlight hours per day would need approximately:

      • 1,000 kWh ÷ 30 days = 33.3 kWh per day
      • 33.3 kWh ÷ 5 sunlight hours = a 6.7 kW system
      • 6.7 kW ÷ 0.4 kW per panel = about 17 panels

      Because shading, weather and system losses reduce production, an installer may recommend 10% to 30% more capacity. That could bring the total to roughly 19 to 22 panels.

      » MORE: How many solar panels do you need for your house?

      Do I need a solar battery?

      You do not need a solar battery for most grid-connected systems, but one can provide backup power and let you use more of your own solar energy. Batteries store excess electricity for use at night, during outages or when utility rates are higher. They may be especially useful if you experience frequent outages or have limited net metering, but they can significantly increase the system’s cost.

      How long does it take to install solar panels?

      The full solar installation process typically takes several weeks to a few months, although the physical installation may take only one to three days. Most of the timeline involves designing the system, securing permits, obtaining utility approval and scheduling inspections. Delays can occur because of local permitting rules, equipment availability or utility backlogs. Dan in California said it took a few weeks; Shahida in New York said it took a year.

      What is Tier 1 solar company?

      A Tier 1 solar company is generally a financially established panel manufacturer whose products have been used in qualifying large-scale, financed solar projects. The designation is mainly an indicator of manufacturer bankability, not a guarantee of panel quality or performance. Homeowners should still compare product warranties, efficiency, degradation rates and installer support.

      » MORE: How to choose solar panels

      Is my house a good candidate for solar panels?

      Not every household benefits from solar panels in the same way. We suggest using NREL’s PVWatts Calculator to estimate how much electricity a solar panel can produce over a year at your house. Project Sunroof is a reliable online solar savings estimator. When determining if solar is a good option for your home, you should also ask yourself the following questions:

      • What is the condition of my roof? Considering panels last about 25 years, it could be smart to replace your roof before going solar. Otherwise, you might have to spend thousands removing the panels, fixing your roof and reinstalling them. For instance, when Gwen in California had to re-roof her house, it cost $5,790 to temporarily uninstall and reinstall the panels.
      • What is my roof's angle, pitch and size? Roofs that face south, southeast or southwest are typically the best angle for solar panels, and a roof pitch of 25 to 45 degrees is best. The average dimensions of a solar panel are roughly 5.5 feet by 3.25 feet. Ideally, your roof is big enough to fit the number of panels required to meet your energy needs.
      • How much sunlight does my roof get? Lots of shade around your house — lots of tall trees or buildings, for instance — and your solar panels won’t be as efficient. Solar panels still work on cloudy days, but the electricity generation drops by about 10% to 25%. Direct sunlight definitely boosts energy output.

      Get expert advice on solar companies

      How do solar panels help reduce my carbon footprint?
      Robert Kaufmann

      Robert Kaufmann

      Professor, environmental science, Boston University

      Solar panels generate electricity without using fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil or natural gas). Burning fossil fuels is the largest source of anthropogenic sulfur emissions. As such, solar panels reduce carbon emissions, which reduces one’s carbon footprint.

      Read their bio
      Yogi Goswami

      Yogi Goswami

      Professor, chemical engineering, University of South Florida

      Since solar panels convert sunlight to power directly without the need to burn any fuel, no CO2 is emitted while sunlight is being converted to electrical power. Considering that power from coal emits about 1.05 kg CO2/kWh, from natural gas about 0.44 kg/kWh and from oil about 1.1 kg/kWh (based on the data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration), solar panels significantly reduce carbon footprints by avoiding these emissions.

      Read their bio
      Sarah Kurtz

      Sarah Kurtz

      Professor, electrical engineering, University of California Merced

      Solar panels help by reducing the amount of fossil fuels that are used to generate electricity. If used alongside electric vehicles and heat pumps, solar panels further decrease the reliance on fossil fuels in transportation and heating. If solar panels were widely adopted, they could eventually eliminate our carbon footprint altogether by replacing fossil fuel-based energy generation.

      Read their bio
      Harvey Bryan

      Harvey Bryan

      Professor, building technology, Arizona State University

      Solar energy can offset grid power, which is usually generated by carbon-based fossil fuels, making your home’s energy use cleaner. The impact depends on your utility — some have a high level of renewables, while others rely heavily on fossil fuels like coal and natural gas. Many utilities now offer clean energy plans, which supply 100% renewable electricity to customers at a slight premium. Advances in battery storage also help balance solar output, making it a more reliable energy source that reduces dependence on dirtier power plants.

      Read their bio
      Can solar panels help regions affected by climate change?
      Robert Kaufmann

      Robert Kaufmann

      Professor, environmental science, Boston University

      The reduction in local carbon emissions will have little immediate effect on the severity or frequency of climate-induced flooding or extreme heat. However, if properly networked into the grid, solar panels can decentralize power production, increasing the supply of electricity to localities during extreme weather events.

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      Yogi Goswami

      Yogi Goswami

      Professor, chemical engineering, University of South Florida

      Certainly, solar panels help. However, since the global environment doesn’t have any boundaries, having more solar panels everywhere would help reduce the carbon footprint and, therefore, reduce the impact of climate change.

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      Sarah Kurtz

      Sarah Kurtz

      Professor, electrical engineering, University of California Merced

      Solar panels can provide localized benefits, such as offering shaded parking to reduce heat exposure. However, they do not prevent floods directly, as extreme weather events will continue to occur.

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      Harvey Bryan

      Harvey Bryan

      Professor, building technology, Arizona State University

      Yes, but the impact is global rather than local. Rising CO2 levels from centuries of fossil fuel use have driven climate change, and while solar adoption helps, results aren’t immediate — it might take decades to see the benefits. Countries like Norway, with 90% [electrical vehicle] adoption, show how policy can drive change. The challenge is ensuring long-term commitment, as some governments scale back renewable efforts due to political shifts, slowing down climate action.

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      Are there environmental risks associated with large-scale solar panel installations?
      Robert Kaufmann

      Robert Kaufmann

      Professor, environmental science, Boston University

      The laws of thermodynamics dictate that every human effort has environmental risks. The extraction of materials used and the fabrication of solar panels cause environmental damage. However, these damages are generally smaller than those caused by other forms of electricity generation.

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      Yogi Goswami

      Yogi Goswami

      Professor, chemical engineering, University of South Florida

      If we plan to recycle solar panels, the effect on the environment from used panels will be very small. As for the land use, you certainly need land for the solar panels. However, for residential use, you can use the roofs of buildings for solar panels. For larger scales, you can use strategies to reduce the land-use impact and, in some cases, make a positive impact. For example, for large car parking lots, you could use the panels to provide shade to the parked cars. For agricultural farms, you could use the panels to form the boundaries of the farms.

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      Sarah Kurtz

      Sarah Kurtz

      Professor, electrical engineering, University of California Merced

      Solar competes with agriculture for land use, but strategies such as agrivoltaics allow for dual use of land. While solar panels do contribute to waste, their long lifespan (decades) minimizes the waste issue compared to other energy sources.

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      Harvey Bryan

      Harvey Bryan

      Professor, building technology, Arizona State University

      All energy sources have risks: Fossil fuels impact climate; hydropower can disrupt aquatic life; nuclear presents long-term waste storage challenges. Solar’s impact is relatively minor, but land use and end-of-life disposal need careful management. Compared to fossil fuels, solar has far fewer environmental drawbacks. The key is to weigh risks over time — legacy energy sources like coal and natural gas cause significant pollution, while renewable options, despite some challenges, offer a more sustainable path.

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      What are the main barriers to solar adoption?
      Robert Kaufmann

      Robert Kaufmann

      Professor, environmental science, Boston University

      One of the largest obstacles is the large up-front costs. As such, many households cannot afford solar panels even though they would save money in the long run. This barrier can be lowered by low interest loans. Also, renters find it difficult to reap the benefits of solar panels because renters do not have property rights.

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      Sarah Kurtz

      Sarah Kurtz

      Professor, electrical engineering, University of California Merced

      The barriers to solar adoption are highly variable. In New York City, it is difficult to find low-cost places to mount [solar panels] that will not be frequently shaded, but in California, the challenge is more about how to make use of the solar electricity after the sun sets. California has installed > 13 GW of batteries that can charge during the day and then discharge after sunset. Even though 13 GW is roughly half of a typical nighttime load in California, California could still benefit from more batteries. In many places, people don’t want to change how they are using land. If a county considers itself to be an agricultural county, replacing fields of corn with solar panels changes the county’s identity. Perhaps using agrivoltaics can help in such a case because sheep can graze underneath the panels, allowing the farmers to continue creating food for everyone’s tables while also generating electricity without carbon emissions.

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      Yogi Goswami

      Yogi Goswami

      Professor, chemical engineering, University of South Florida

      The biggest barrier is that, for solar power, you have to pay for the panels and the balance of the system up front, while the benefit comes over time after the capital investment has been made. Since the panels pay for themselves over time, creative financing schemes can make it possible for the users to pay costs over time so that the periodic payments are less than the savings from the panels.

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      Harvey Bryan

      Harvey Bryan

      Professor, building technology, Arizona State University

      Uncertainty, misinformation and policy shifts are major barriers. The recent pause on infrastructure investments has slowed renewable growth despite prior tax credits boosting the industry. Battery storage is expanding rapidly, making solar more viable, and utilities are adopting it for economic benefits. However, shifting political priorities might redirect funding back to fossil fuels. Overcoming these obstacles requires long-term planning, public awareness and stable government support.

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        Guide sources

        ConsumerAffairs writers primarily rely on government data, industry experts and original research from reputable publications to inform their work. Specific sources for this guide include:

        1. Federal Trade Commission Consumer Advice, “Solar Power for Your Home.” Accessed Oct. 20, 2026. 
        2. N.C. Clean Energy Technology Center, “Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency.” Accessed Oct. 20, 2026. 
        3. Solar Energy Industries Association, “Residential Consumer Guide to Solar Energy.” Accessed Oct. 20, 2026. 
        4. EnergySage, “Solar panel cost in 2026: It may be lower than you think.” Accessed Oct. 20, 2026. 
        5. Solar Energy Industries Association, “Solar Market Insight Report.” Accessed Oct. 20, 2026. 

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