Current Events in May 2020

Amid fears of a second wave of coronavirus infections this fall, pharmacy chains are bracing for a big surge in consumers seeking flu vaccinations beginning in October, Reuters reports.

CVS said it’s working to make sure it has enough vaccine doses available to vaccinate everyone seeking a flu shot in five months’ time. Rite Aid said it ordered 40 percent more vaccine doses this year in anticipation of higher-than-usual demand for the shots. Walmart and Walgreens have also said they’re preparing to administer more flu shots than usual this flu season. 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone over 6 months of age get a flu vaccination. Most years, fewer than half of Amerians get vaccinated. This year, however, the number of consumers who said they will definitely or are likely to get a flu shot rose from 34 percent to 65 percent between January and May, according to a survey commissioned by CVS Health.

Preventing flu cases

While getting a flu shot won’t protect against COVID-19, the vaccination will help prevent cases of the flu from rising and overwhelming an already burdened health care system. 

Together, the flu and COVID-19 could have a bigger impact on Americans than the first wave of COVID-19 infections. 

“We’re in for a double-barreled assault this fall and winter with flu and COVID. Flu is the one you can do something about,” Vanderbilt University Medical Center infectious disease expert Dr. William Schaffner told Reuters.

Drive-through clinics could be used

Since many Americans may still be wary of visiting medical facilities due to coronavirus concerns this fall, some health officials have suggested coming up with alternative ways of administering the shots in order to make sure everyone gets vaccinated. 

Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of the CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, said pharmacies, public health clinics, and other flu shot providers may need to set up drive-up clinics for flu vaccines.

“My goal is that every single vaccine dose that gets made gets into somebody’s arm to protect them. I don’t want any vaccines left on the shelves or in doctors’ offices,” Messonnier said in an interview.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) tally as compiled by Johns Hopkins University. (Previous numbers in parentheses.)

Total U.S. confirmed cases: 1,667,154 (1,583,561)

Total U.S. deaths: 98,371 (95,052)

Total global cases: 5,534,728 (5,154,152)

Total global deaths: 347,587 (335,063)

Health officials worry about Memorial Day crowds

Thousands of Americans ignored health officials admonishments about crowding into tight spaces and did just that over the Memorial Day holiday weekend. Many people headed to beaches and lakes and observed little to no social distancing.

Dr. Deborah Birx, a key member of the White House coronavirus task force, told a television interviewer that she was “very concerned” about scenes of people crowding together over the weekend.

“We really want to be clear all the time that social distancing is absolutely critical. And if you can’t social distance and you’re outside, you must wear a mask,” Birx said on ABC’s “This Week.”

Scientists have recently concluded that the coronavirus is much more likely to spread in large gatherings than small ones.

Another vaccine is being tested

There’s a new entry in the race to develop the first coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. 

Novavax says it has begun a Phase 1 clinical trial of a novel coronavirus vaccine candidate and has signed up the test’s first participants. A Phase 1 trial determines whether a drug is safe for human consumption.

Novavax says its vaccine candidate - given the name  NVX-CoV2373 -- has the objective of increasing the body’s immune responses. To do that, the vaccine will be combined with Novavax’s Matrix-M adjuvant.

“Administering our vaccine in the first participants of this clinical trial is a significant achievement, bringing us one step closer toward addressing the fundamental need for a vaccine in the fight against the global COVID‑19 pandemic,” said Stanley C. Erck, Novavax’s CEO. 

The company expects preliminary Phase 1 results from the trial in July. It joins Moderna’s experimental vaccine, which is completing a Phase 2 trial.

Evidence points to fewer students in college this fall

The nation’s colleges and universities have taken a financial hit amid the coronavirus pandemic. Not only have these institutions had to shift overnight to online classes, but they’ve had to refund money to students who paid for room and board, parking, and assorted activities.

While colleges had held the line on refunding tuition, there’s new evidence that they may see fewer tuition-paying students in the fall. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) program, the gateway for federal education money, reports a significant drop in requests for funds.

Since both parents and students have told pollsters that the economic fallout from the coronavirus has reduced their ability to pay for schools, it could suggest fewer students plan to attend school in the fall.

Health concerns decrease, financial concerns increase

A new survey of consumers by Deloitte shows consumers have learned to live with the coronavirus, with a declining number expressing worry about getting it. At the same time, an increasing number say they’re worried about the economic harm the virus-related shutdown is causing.

As of the middle of May, only 48 percent of consumers said they worried about their health, down from 57 percent in early April. Sixty percent said they are concerned about the health of others, down from a high of 72 percent.

At the same time, 27 percent of consumers said they’re worried about their ability to make upcoming payments and 43 percent are putting off major purchases, with those numbers significantly higher among millennials.

Appeal for blood plasma

A coalition of medical and health organizations is ramping up its appeal for blood plasma donations from people who have recovered from the coronavirus. The plasma is needed to support the rapid development of potential new therapies for patients with COVID-19. 

Advocates say timely donations are critical. They need to recruit COVID-19 survivors within two months of their recovery to ensure that their blood plasma contains a robust enough concentration of antibodies to have a positive effect and to address the substantial seasonal increase in COVID-19 cases anticipated this fall in the Northern Hemisphere.

"Inside COVID-19 survivors is the antibody-rich blood plasma that may help stem the tide of this pandemic,” said Diana Berrent, founder of one of the participating groups. 

Around the nation

• Pennsylvania: The conflict between small business owners and government officials is becoming increasingly partisan. The owners of a York diner criticized Democrats for “going too far” after state officials suspended their business license for reopening in defiance of the governor’s orders. 

• Missouri: State health officials have expressed alarm after seeing pictures of Memorial Day partiers jammed into a pool at Lake of the Ozarks. Officials say everyone who attended the party should self-quarantine for 14 days.

• California: The state has set out rules for places of worship to reopen their doors to congregations. The rules limit worshipers to 100 or fewer, taking everyone's temperature, limiting singing and group recitations, and not sharing prayer books or other items.

The longer the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic goes on, the more scientists studying the virus learn new things about it. Many of these new things overturn previous assumptions.

For example, an early assumption was that the coronavirus was highly contagious. It is, scientists say, but only from a small number of people who get it, not from the majority who get sick.

A recent article in Science magazine cites data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and interviews with researchers that suggest most of the cases of COVID-19 can be traced to so-called “superspreader events,” where 30 or more people are gathered in an enclosed space.

Researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) linked an outbreak in a migrant worker dormitory in Singapore to almost 800 cases. The gatherings don’t have to be huge to become superspreader events. 

Live music locations in Osaka, Japan are believed to have contributed to as many as 80 infections, and 65 cases are linked to Zumba classes in South Korea. The scientists say that’s why there have been so many outbreaks at nursing homes, ski resorts, prisons, hospitals, and churches.

Social distancing and avoiding large groups

The takeaway from this latest research suggests policies of social distancing and canceling sporting events that attract arenas full of people may have kept the toll from the virus from being even worse. At the same time, the scientists interviewed for the article say other restrictions might be eased.

“If you can predict what circumstances are giving rise to these events, the math shows you can really, very quickly curtail the ability of the disease to spread,” UCLA’s Jamie Lloyd-Smith told the magazine.

The study of the disease’s spread has led scientists to a rather startling conclusion. A few people with the virus appear to give it to nearly everyone they come in contact with. Others don’t spread it at all. Adam Kucharski, a scientist at LSHTM, estimates that about 10 percent of COVID-19 cases lead to 80 percent of the spread.

Beyond advising people to avoid being in large groups, the researchers say their efforts are aimed at being better able to predict the risk of infection. In doing so, they say mitigation efforts can be more precisely targeted and not shut down wide swaths of the economy.

Hertz, which even its closest rival once acknowledged as the number one rental car firm, has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in a Delaware court.

The company said the sudden impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the travel business had caused a big drop in company revenue and bookings. 

“Hertz took immediate actions to prioritize the health and safety of employees and customers, eliminate all non-essential spending and preserve liquidity,” the company said in a statement. “However, uncertainty remains as to when revenue will return and when the used-car market will fully re-open for sales, which necessitated today's action.”

Hertz said the financial reorganization under bankruptcy protection will provide it with a path toward a more “robust financial structure” that puts the company in an optimal position for the future as it rides out what could be a prolonged travel and overall global economic recovery.

Pandemic accelerated the decline

According to The Wall Street Journal, the pandemic simply accelerated Hertz’s decline. It cites what it calls a series of “strategic missteps and other blunders that kept Hertz behind competitors and buried under debt.”

Specifically, it notes that Hertz focused on sedans when it recently replaced its aging fleet of automobiles, which were cheaper but weren’t the SUVs that customers wanted.

“The fleet had aged to the point that we had customer mutiny,” former Hertz Chief Executive John Tague told the Journal. “We were solving the biggest problem, but not solving all the problems.”

Hertz was founded in Chicago in 1918, and it had become the leading car rental agency in the U.S. by the mid-20th century. Rival agency Avis adopted an ad campaign that said “We’re number two, but we try harder.”

Open for business

Despite filing for bankruptcy protection, Hertz says all of its business operations, including its Hertz, Dollar, Thrifty, Firefly, Hertz Car Sales, and Donlen subsidiaries, are open and serving customers. It expects to continue all existing promotional offers, vouchers, and customer and loyalty programs, including rewards points.

Hertz CEO Paul Stone says the company entered the year with strong revenue -- but then in March, travel came to a screeching halt.

"With the severity of the COVID-19 impact on our business, and the uncertainty of when travel and the economy will rebound, we need to take further steps to weather a potentially prolonged recovery,” Stone said. 

Stone said the bankruptcy filing would give Hertz time to put in place a new, stronger financial foundation to move successfully through the pandemic.

On Monday, roughly five years after Volkswagen’s “dieselgate” scandal began unfolding, a court ordered the automaker to return money to owners of vehicles with rigged diesel engines in Germany. 

Germany’s federal court, the Bundesgerichtshof (BGH), ruled that owners will be allowed to return vehicles for a partial refund of the purchase price. 

“The verdict by the BGH draws a final line. It creates clarity on the BGH’s views on the underlying questions in the diesel proceedings for most of the 60,000 cases still pending,” Volkswagen said.

Holding VW accountable

In 2015, Volkwagen admitted that it manipulated the engines in its vehicles in order to perform better on emissions tests. The affected cars were banned in the U.S., and claims for compensation soon began pouring in. Affected VW vehicles weren’t banned in Europe, but VW was forced to update its engine control software. 

Fines and vehicle refits stemming from the scandal have cost the automaker more than $33 billion. 

The ruling is likely to serve as a template for tens of thousands of other claims against Volkwagen. Outside Germany, more than 100,000 claims for damages were still pending; 90,000 of those cases were in Britain, according to a VW spokesperson.

In a statement sent to Euronews, VW spokesperson Nicolai Laude said the size of the one-time reimbursement to owners in Germany will be determined on a case-by-case basis. Claus Goldenstein, lawyer for plaintiff Herbert Gilbert, said the ruling “means legal certainty for millions of consumers and shows once again that even a huge corporation isn't above the law.” 

Volkswagen said in a statement that it’s aiming to “soon bring these cases to a close in agreement with the plaintiffs.” The company said "appropriate offers" will be made to affected owners.

Recent studies have highlighted how fiber can lower consumers’ risk of disease. A new study conducted by researchers from the University of Otago has confirmed those findings, particularly when it comes to diabetes; however, the way food is prepared could affect the benefits linked with fiber. 

The researchers learned that fiber can increase life expectancy for those struggling with diabetes, but opting for processed food can reduce the benefits that come from the nutrient. 

“Whole grain foods are now widely believed to be beneficial, but increasingly products available on the supermarket shelves are ultra-processed,” said researcher Jim Mann.  

Moving away from processed foods

To get to these findings, the researchers conducted two complementary studies. The first study evaluated data from over 8,300 participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes; the second study analyzed the effect processed foods had on participants with type 2 diabetes. 

In the first study, participants reported on their daily dietary intake, giving the researchers a clear picture of how much fiber they were getting each day. The researchers learned that those who ate more than the recommended serving of fiber each day reduced their risk of premature death by over 30 percent. 

“Try a few different ways for you to increase your fibre intake, see what works best for you,” said researcher Dr. Andrew Reynolds. “If you eat white or refined bread or rolls, try changing to whole grain bread or rolls. Try brown rice, try brown pasta, try adding half a tin of legumes to meals you already make.” 

Building off of these findings, the second study had participants experiment with different types of fiber sources to determine how they affected the body. The manipulation to the participants’ diets occurred over two two-week periods; the participants alternated between heavily processed foods for two weeks and lesser-processed foods for another two weeks. 

Based on blood sugar readings, heavily processed foods yielded poorer health outcomes for the participants than the foods that weren’t as heavily processed. 

Fiber from better sources

Though these studies focused on those with diabetes, the researchers explained that all consumers can benefit from adding more fiber into their diets. However, the source of that fiber can ultimately make the biggest difference. 

“...We are now beginning to understand that how foods are processed is also important, and for whole grains when you finely mill them you can remove their benefits,” said Dr. Reynolds. 

There’s good news for SNAP recipients to start out the week. The number of approved states allowing participants to purchase food online has increased to 36, accounting for 90 percent of the program’s users. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) says the remaining states will phase in over the next few weeks.

The newest states added to the program include: Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Virginia.

USDA says options are expanding

With the number of Americans filing for unemployment climbing sharply due to the coronavirus pandemic, states are seeing a torrent of new SNAP applications. That, in turn, has prompted consumers concerned about the safety of a physical store to take their shopping online.

According to a study by Escalent, a human behavior and analytics firm, the number of consumers taking their grocery shopping online grew more than 400 percent in March and April of 2020 compared to 2019. 

It’s not exactly surprising that WalMart and Amazon are the two biggest online options for SNAP participants. However, the USDA has sprinkled in a few local favorites like Wright’s Markets in Alabama and ShopRite in New York. USDA Secretary Sonny Perdue promised to keep expanding the number of independents to give consumers more options during the COVID-19 pandemic. 

“We are expanding new flexibilities and innovative programs to make sure Americans across this country have safe and nutritious food during this national emergency,” said Perdue. 

“Enabling people to purchase foods online will go a long way in helping Americans follow CDC social distancing guidelines and help slow the spread of the coronavirus. USDA is mandated with the noble goal of feeding Americans when they need it most, and we are fulfilling that mission with new innovative programs during this national emergency.”

Hurdles still exist for users

In ConsumerAffairs’ research on the subject, we found that getting USDA approval doesn’t mean retailers can just snap their fingers and immediately turn on access for their shoppers. 

“The main hurdle to implementation is the fact that SNAP users must input a PIN number corresponding to their account when they check out,” said Jeff Wells at GroceryDive. 

“States and retailers must enable a payment program that incorporates and can securely process shoppers’ PIN numbers. Additionally, retailers must update their online ordering systems to factor out sales tax for SNAP purchases, handle manufacturer coupons and enable refunds for recipients, and implement a separate payment tender option for delivery fees, which SNAP dollars do not cover.”

Other hurdles that Wells found include:

• Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) issues: Just because a state is “approved,” that doesn’t mean it automatically allows a SNAP beneficiary to shop online. Wells says that each state has to update their Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) systems to be able to process, track, and store online SNAP data. 

• Becoming compliant is not an overnight thing: “Online payments under the USDA’s pilot program provide a contactless way for shoppers to buy groceries,” Wells said. “But becoming fully compliant is also complex and time-consuming, so retailers have rolled out pickup programs that allow SNAP consumers to shop online and then pay once they retrieve their order.”

• There may be added fees: Some consumers might find added fees an insult to injury, but GroceryDive reports that state legislators are trying to find a way for retailers to waive delivery fees for SNAP consumers during the pandemic.

Skip the online route and go to the store

Wells, for one, thinks the best short-term route for SNAP users is going to their local grocer and waiting until the USDA and the states shake out all the problems inherent with shifting to an online model. 

“For now, the majority of consumers receiving food assistance must continue shopping for groceries in stores, where retailers have implemented numerous safeguards, from one-way aisles to plexiglass barriers at checkout,” he said.

Spending too much time sitting down can be bad for your health, but replacing sedentary time with extra sleep or more activity can do wonders for a person’s mood.

According to researchers from Iowa State University, consumers can boost their mood by swapping time spent sitting with time spent sleeping or engaging light physical activity. As an added bonus, those who choose the latter option can also reap physical health benefits. 

“It may be easier for people to change their behavior if they feel it’s doable and doesn’t require a major change,” said researcher Jacob Meyer. “Replacing sedentary time with housework or other light activities is something they may be able to do more consistently than going for an hour-long run.” 

Improving mood

To understand how sleep and light activity can boost consumers’ mood and physical wellness, the researchers analyzed data from the Energy Balance Study at the University of South Carolina. 

The researchers evaluated data from over 400 young adults wearing devices that tracked their sleep, physical activity, and time spent sitting over the course of 10 days. There were no added interventions -- participants went about their daily routines as they typically would. 

The study revealed that consumers can make subtle changes to their daily routine and see noticeable changes in their mood and stress levels. Participants who slept more -- rather than spending long periods of time sitting down -- noted improvements to their overall mood and energy levels. 

While many consumers struggle with keeping a consistent sleep schedule, or can’t escape the glare from their phones or TVs throughout the nighttime hours, the researchers emphasized just how many benefits are associated with adopting better sleeping habits and getting better, more restful sleep. 

Moreover, adding in light exercise, which the researchers explained can be something as simple as taking a phone call while walking around the house, yielded similar results. These participants were not only in better emotional states, but they also saw improvements to their body mass indices (BMIs). 

“People may not even think about some of these activities as physical activity,” said Meyer. “Light activity is much lower intensity than going to the gym or walking to work, but taking these steps to break up long periods of sitting may have an impact.” 

As the COVID-19 pandemic has forced consumers to be home more than ever, it’s the perfect time to adopt little habits that can bring some joy and levity to the daily routine. 

“With everything happening right now, this is one thing we can control or manage and it has the potential to help our mental health,” said Meyer.  

“Dear Dr. Google, I’ve got a sharp pain in my elbow. What do you think it is?”

Have you ever searched for your symptoms when something doesn’t feel right or you’re under the weather? The truth of the matter is that Google -- or any other search engine -- doesn’t pretend to have a clue what’s going on with your health. That’s simply not the business that the search giant is in. 

But a new study finds that when people go on a deeper dive through the internet for a DIY health diagnosis, they often get inappropriate care advice.

The study, conducted by Edith Cowan University (ECU) in Australia, found that nearly 80 percent of the respondents make the worldwide web their first stop for symptom checking. 

Woefully inaccurate

In the study’s examination of 36 mobile- and web-based symptom checkers, some sad truths came out. The frequency of an accurate diagnosis showing up as the first result was only 36 percent of the time -- and within the top three results, just 52 percent of the time

"While it may be tempting to use these tools to find out what may be causing your symptoms, most of the time they are unreliable at best and can be dangerous at worst," the study’s lead author and ECU Masters student Michella Hill, said in a news release.

Even worse in Hill’s opinion is that symptom checkers might give a person a false sense of security when they should be consulting a real physician and not blindly trusting a computer-driven cornucopia of possibilities.

"We've all been guilty of being 'cyberchondriacs' and googling at the first sign of a niggle or headache," she said. "But the reality is these websites and apps should be viewed very cautiously as they do not look at the whole picture -- they don't know your medical history or other symptoms.

Finding a balance

Hill isn’t completely pooh-poohing online symptom checkers. In fact, she thinks they have a place in today’s health system.

"These sites are not a replacement for going to the doctor, but they can be useful in providing more information once you do have an official diagnosis," she said.

"We're also seeing symptom checkers being used to good effect with the current COVID-19 pandemic. For example, the UK's National Health Service is using these tools to monitor symptoms and potential 'hotspot' locations for this disease on a national basis."

Evidence over assumption

The U.S. Department of Health stands shoulder-to-shoulder on virtual symptom checking. To make sure consumers can get more accurate information, it’s created its own prevention and wellness online resource.

The Department’s MyHealthfinder is built on evidence-based health information that can point someone feeling a pain or pang in what it thinks is the best direction. It has close to 100 prevention and wellness topics ranging from obesity to mental health. It also provides recommendations for clinical preventive services, as well as questions to ask a real physician that an online search engine can’t always answer.

The hacking group behind the “unc0ver” jailbreaking tool has released a new jailbreak tool that unlocks all iPhones running iOS 11 and above, including the most recently released iOS 13.5.

Jailbreaking is the process of hacking an iOS device to break through software restrictions put in by Apple for security purposes. The new jailbreak, which the group named “Unc0ver 5.0.0,” exploits a zero-day vulnerability in the iOS operating system that Apple had not been aware of. 

On its website, the team said the jailbreak utilizes "native system sandbox exceptions,” so security remains intact. Programs keep running separately so they can't access unauthorized data. 

"This jailbreak basically just adds exceptions to the existing rules," Unc0ver told WIRED. "It only enables reading new jailbreak files and parts of the file system that contain no user data."

The jailbreak is said to be the first zero-day jailbreak release since iOS 8.

Apple hasn’t released a statement on the discovery, but the company has a history of working quickly to deliver a patch for vulnerabilities as soon as possible following their discovery.

A new study conducted by researchers from Brigham Women’s Hospital found that giving COVID-19 patients hydroxychloroquine didn’t improve their health outcomes. 

Recent studies have found that the popular malaria drug can come with some adverse side effects, particularly for those with preexisting conditions. This most recent report also revealed that the treatment option isn’t helping the death rate. 

“No matter which way you examine the data, use of the drug regimens did not help,” said researcher Dr. Mandeep R. Mehra. “If anything, patients have a higher likelihood of death. We also saw a quadrupling in the rate of significant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19 who had been treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine regimens.” 

Understanding the risks

The researchers analyzed data from the Surgical Outcomes Collaborative, which gave them information on nearly 100,000 COVID-19 patients around the world. 

Of that group, nearly 15,000 patients were given either hydroxychloroquine -- or medications with similar ingredients -- to treat their COVID-19 symptoms. The researchers then evaluated how the drug fared in terms of the death rate and the number of patients discharged from the hospital. 

The study revealed that these drugs weren’t effective in reducing the COVID-19 death rate; in fact, they actually posed a risk to some patients. 

Not only was the death rate higher for patients who took some kind of hydroxychloroquine regimen, but the drugs also increased the risk for a ventricular arrhythmia. For patients not taking these types of drugs, the risk for a ventricular arrhythmia was 0.3 percent; that risk jumped as high as eight percent for those taking hydroxychloroquine. 

Similarly, the death rate for those on a hydroxychloroquine regimen was over 11 percent, while that figure was just over nine percent for those on a different treatment plan. 

The researchers explained that these types of drugs have a history of causing heart complications in patients, and it’s important that both consumers and medical professionals are aware of the risks. 

“These findings suggest that these drug regimens should not be used outside of the realm of clinical trials and urgent confirmation from randomized clinical trials is needed,” the researchers wrote. 

Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s top expert on infectious diseases, said Friday that it is “conceivable” that a coronavirus vaccine could be ready by December. 

“Back in January of this year when we started the phase 1 trial, I said it would likely be between a year and 18 months before we would have a vaccine. I think that schedule is still intact,” he said in an interview with NPR on Friday. 

He added that drug development can sometimes face “unanticipated setbacks.” Therefore, no one can say with absolute certainty when a vaccine will become available.

“I think it is conceivable, if we don’t run into things that are, as they say, unanticipated setbacks, that we could have a vaccine that we could be beginning to deploy at the end of this calendar year, December 2020, or into January, 2021,” Fauci said. 

Researchers are working as quickly as they can to develop a vaccine, but Fauci said it’s critical that scientists don’t work with such speed that they compromise safety or care. 

“When you’re dealing with vaccines there could be so many things that get in the way like it might not be entirely effective,” Fauci told NPR. “And you wouldn’t want to deploy a vaccine that’s not effective and certainly not one that’s not safe.”

Optimism about potential vaccine 

More than 100 coronavirus vaccines are in the works, and at least eight are being tested on humans. U.S. biotech company Moderna just published some data from its phase one human trial on one potential vaccine. 

Fauci cautioned that the data was only “partial data,” but scientists said phase 1 testing -- which was led by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases -- showed that all 45 people who received the experimental vaccine produced antibodies in their blood that are believed to help prevent COVID-19 infection. 

Dr. Tal Zaks, chief medical officer at Moderna, expressed optimism about the vaccine candidate. 

“When combined with the success in preventing viral replication in the lungs of a pre-clinical challenge model at a dose that elicited similar levels of neutralizing antibodies, these data substantiate our belief that mRNA-1273 has the potential to prevent COVID-19 disease and advance our ability to select a dose for pivotal trials,” Zaks said.

Moderna’s CEO said the Phase 2 study will be a “crucial step forward as we continue to advance the clinical development of mRNA-1273, our vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2.” 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) tally as compiled by Johns Hopkins University. (Previous numbers in parentheses.)

Total U.S. confirmed cases: 1,583,561 (1,555,537)

Total U.S. deaths: 95,052 (93,606)

Total global cases: 5,154,152 (5,034,458)

Total global deaths: 335,063 (329,186)

Fauci sounding hopeful about a vaccine

Dr. Anthony Fauci, a key member of the White House coronavirus (COVID-19) task force, is still hopeful that there could be a vaccine available by the end of the year. In an interview with NPR, Fauci -- who heads the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) -- said the schedule appears to still be intact.

“I think it is conceivable, if we don’t run into things that are, as they say, unanticipated setbacks, that we could have a vaccine that we could be beginning to deploy at the end of this calendar year, December 2020, or into January, 2021,” he said.

There are a number of vaccine candidates in development. One being developed by Moderna and NIAID is currently in a clinical trial to determine its effectiveness.

Biden promises free vaccine

Presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden says he will make sure any vaccine against COVID-19 is available to everyone at no charge if he is elected as president.

Interviewed on CNBC this morning, Biden also said any economic recovery from the virus-caused disruption is a long way off. He criticized the 2017 tax cut and said he would push for its repeal if he gained the White House.

Trump orders flags at half-staff

President Trump today ordered American flags to be flown at half-staff through the Memorial Day weekend to honor those who have died from the coronavirus. The U.S. death toll may reach 100,000 by the middle of next week. It currently sits at just over 95,000.

"I will be lowering the flags on all Federal Buildings and National Monuments to half-staff over the next three days in memory of the Americans we have lost to the Coronavirus," Trump said today on Twitter.

Flags will be lowered from Friday through sundown on Sunday. Trump said flags will be lowered again on Monday -- Memorial Day -- to honor military personnel who died in uniform.

570 cases at poultry processing plant

Tyson Foods has announced that 570 employees at its chicken processing facility in Wilkes County, N.C., tested positive for the coronavirus. That’s roughly 25 percent of the plant’s workforce.

The company said the 570 employees tested positive for COVID-19, but the majority of those workers did not display any symptoms of the virus.

The outbreak underscores the difficulties that meat processing plants have had in keeping their workforce healthy. The Tyson plant is getting back to full operations after large sections were closed for deep cleaning. Many employees have been off the job because of quarantines.

Florida appears ready to reopen theme parks

Officials in Florida are reviewing plans to reopen theme parks in the state that were closed as part of efforts to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Legoland in Winter Park and Universal may be the first two parks to get the green light. Both are awaiting Gov. Ron DeSantis’ review of their plans

Under the plans, employees and guests will get temperature checks on arrival, and anyone with a temperature of more than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit won't be admitted. Universal is already using that system at its shopping and restaurant complex, which recently reopened.

"Our guests have been very supportive of the process," said Universal’s John Sprouls. "We're not hearing a lot of complaints about that or the masks.” 

Around the nation

• Ohio: State officials said today that Ohio’s unemployment rate nearly tripled in April, rising to nearly 17 percent. The economic shutdown caused by the virus cost the state an estimated 823,700 jobs last month.

• New Jersey: The political tensions over the continuing economic shutdown have reached a new level in New Jersey. The state Republican Committee has sued Gov. Phil Murphy, alleging his shutdown order is unconstitutional and discriminatory.

• Iowa: The state’s one-day death toll hit a new high of 20 on Thursday. Gov. Kim Reynolds says that’s not a reason to push back her plans to reopen the state. Restaurants and stores were allowed to open last week. Starting today, movie theaters and museums can reopen.