FDA Drug Approvals

Zepbound is Eli Lilly’s weight loss drug. Now, it is also a drug to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Zepbound (tirzepatide) as the first drug treatment for adults with moderate to severe OSA who also have obesity. The FDA said the approval marks a significant advancement in the management of a condition that affects millions of individuals, particularly those struggling with obesity.

Dr. Sally Seymour, director of the Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said the approval “is a major step forward for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.”

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep due to the blockage of the upper airway. While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices have been the standard treatment, many patients find them uncomfortable or difficult to use consistently. 

A new approach to an old problem

The FDA said Zepbound offers a new pharmacological approach by activating receptors of hormones secreted from the intestine, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), to reduce appetite and food intake, thereby promoting weight loss and improving OSA symptoms.

The FDA said its approval is based on the results of two pivotal randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies involving 469 adults without type 2 diabetes. These studies demonstrated that participants receiving Zepbound experienced a significant reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), a key measure of OSA severity, compared to those receiving a placebo. 

The studies also showed that a greater proportion of participants treated with Zepbound achieved remission or mild OSA, alongside significant weight loss.

Potential side effects

The FDA cautions that Zepbound is not without potential side effects. Common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort, as well as injection site reactions and fatigue. 

More serious concerns include the risk of thyroid C-cell tumors, pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, and hypoglycemia, particularly when used with insulin or insulin-secreting medications. Consequently, Zepbound is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2.

The FDA said patients considering Zepbound should engage in thorough discussions with their healthcare providers to weigh the benefits against potential risks, especially if they have pre-existing conditions such as kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, or a history of depression or suicidal thoughts. 

Buy-herbal.com has issued a recall of all lots within current expiration dates of Nhan Sam Tuyet Lien Truy Phong Hoan capsules. A Food and Drug Administration analysis has found these products to contain undeclared furosemide, dexamethasone and chlorpheniramine. 

Furosemide was found at 5.24 mg/g or 1.84 mg/capsule. Dexamethasone was found at 2.22 mg/g or 0.780 mg/capsule. Chlorpheniramine was found at 4.38 mg/g or 1.54 mg/capsule. 

Products containing these drugs cannot be marketed as dietary supplements. The FDA said Nhan Sam Tuyet Lien Truy Phong Hoan Capsules is an unapproved drug for which safety and efficacy have not been established and therefore, subject to recall.

What to do

Buy-herbal.com is notifying its customers via email who have bought the product on buy-herbal.com to return for a refund of the recalled product.

Consumers who have Nhan Sam Tuyet Lien Truy Phong Hoan subject to recall should stop using the product and contact info@buy-herbal.com for return and refund. Please ship the recalled products to 136-61 41st Ave, Box # 248, Flushing, NY 11355 and contact info@buy-herbal.com for refunds.

Consumers with questions regarding this recall can email info@buy-herbal.com or call 917 495 6088 on Monday through Friday from 10 am till 6 pm Eastern Time. Consumers should contact their physician or healthcare provider if they have experienced any problems that may be related to taking or using this drug product. Customers can contact info@buy-herbal.com for return and refunds.

Adverse reactions or quality problems experienced with the use of this product may be reported to the FDA's MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program either online, by regular mail or by fax.

If you recently got a tattoo, a piercing, a laser treatment, or are thinking about getting one, you might want to consider one of a large yellow “Danger” sign.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning consumers that the numbing creams you see online for those procedures often have too much  lidocaine, which might make your skin crawl in a whole different way.

The agency’s concern about lidocaine is that the cream’s concentrations are higher than what is permitted for over-the-counter, topical pain relief products. 

“When these products that contain high concentrations of lidocaine intended to be used before or during certain cosmetic procedures are applied in ways that could lead to increased absorption of the drug product through the skin, it may lead to serious injury such as irregular heartbeat, seizures and breathing difficulties," the agency said. "These products may also interact with medications or dietary supplements a consumer is taking."

The FDA isn’t playing around with this situation, either. In letters to six different companies -- such as this one to the manufacturer of NumbSkin -- the agency told these manufacturers that these products are in violation of federal law.

How to stay comfortably numb

The agency says that anyone who needs a “numbing product” would be wise to:

• Check the label: Never use anything over-the-counter with more than 4% lidocaine.

• Less is more: Don't slather it on huge areas of your skin, especially if your skin's already irritated.

• No plastic wrap: Don't cover the area with plastic wrap or anything that traps the cream.

And if you have any bad side effects from these creams, be sure to tell the FDA ASAP through its MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program so the agency can take action to protect the public from any unsafe products.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) thinks seven companies have gone too far in claiming that their dietary supplements can cure, treat, mitigate or prevent cardiovascular disease or related conditions, such as atherosclerosis, stroke or heart failure.

The FDA is making an all-out plea to consumers to stop using these – or similar products – because they haven’t been cleared by the agency as safe or effective for their intended use and may be harmful.

The warning letters were issued to: Essential Elements; Calroy Health Sciences; Iwi; BergaMet North America; Healthy Trends Worldwide (Golden After 50); Chambers' Apothecary; and Anabolic Laboratories. Those manufacturers market a variety of products tied to cardiovascular disease, et al, such as CoEnzyme Q10 and Cholesterol Command.

Dear sir, please stop what you’re doing… now

When ConsumerAffairs reviewed the letter sent to the various companies, it was clear that the FDA was nowhere near happy about how far those supplement producers had gone to convince the unaware consumer that their products were the end-all and be-all.

For example, in its letter to Healthy Trends Worldwide, the maker of Golden After 50 products, the company’s pitch of “That’s why we combined five science-backed ingredients from nature that address multiple factors to help regulate blood pressure” was labeled a false claim.

As was pushing its products’ agenda on YouTube videos where a spokesperson said that ingredients of its BP-5 formula “can lower your high blood pressure naturally and fast.”

“Your BPS-5 product is not generally recognized as safe and effective for the above referenced uses and, therefore, this product is a “new drug” … [adding] “new drugs may not be legally introduced or delivered for introduction into interstate commerce without prior approval from FDA. FDA approves a new drug on the basis of scientific data and information demonstrating that the drug is safe and effective," the letter stated.

What’s so bad about dietary supplements, anyway?

The FDA isn’t criticizing dietary supplements in general. It feels that some can help a person improve their health or help meet the daily requirements of essential nutrients. What it’s unhappy about is that companies are promise-bombing the internet with unfounded claims.

“Given that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S., it’s important that the FDA protect the public from products and companies that make unlawful claims to treat it,” said Cara Welch, director of the Office of Dietary Supplement Programs in the FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. 

And, yes, dietary supplements have to pass the approval of the agency just like a doctor-prescribed drug does.

Fortunately, the seven companies receiving those letters haven’t been served an order to shut down, but rather a request to address the agency’s concerns – what the proper dosage might be, how they could interact with FDA-approved drugs or other substances, or whether they have dangerous side effects or other safety concerns.

“Dietary supplements that claim to cure, treat, mitigate or prevent cardiovascular disease and related conditions could potentially harm consumers who use these products instead of seeking safe and effective FDA-approved treatments from qualified health care providers. We encourage consumers to remain vigilant when shopping online or in stores to avoid purchasing products that could put their health at risk,” Welch said.

For a complete list of FAQs and questions to ask physicians and pharmacists regarding dietary supplements, the FDA offers a consumer guide here.

Earlier this week, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new oral treatment for consumers who suffer from acute migraines.

The drug, named Ubrelvy, is manufactured by Allergan and meant to be taken after symptoms of a migraine have already begun to set in. The FDA said the drug was proven to be more effective than placebos in two randomized, double-blind trials. 

“The FDA is pleased to approve a novel treatment for patients suffering from migraine and will continue to work with stakeholders to promote the development of new safe and effective migraine therapies,” said FDA director Dr. Billy Dunn.

Many participants who took Ubrelvy in the drug trials reported feeling no pain or other associated migraine symptoms after two hours. Regulators said the results are promising for treating a serious health condition that affects millions of people.

“Migraine is an often disabling condition that affects an estimated 37 million people in the U.S. Ubrevly represents an important new option for the acute treatment of migraine in adults, as it is the first drug in its class approved for this indication,” said Dunn. 

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a new generic version of the blood pressure drug valsartan, which is also sold under the trade name Diovan. Valsartan is a widely used angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that doctors prescribe for high blood pressure and heart failure.

The approval was placed on the FDA fast track after the agency confirmed the presence of an impurity in several lots of the medicine last year. Researchers detected a trace amount of an unexpected impurity -- N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). NDMA has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

The discovery led to major recalls of existing forms of valsartan, which in turn led to shortages of the drug.

“To address the public health consequences of these shortages, we've prioritized the review of generic applications for these valsartan products,” said FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb. “When faced with a drug shortage situation, the FDA employs a number of strategies to help mitigate the effects of the shortage on patients. As part of that work, we look at where we may be able to prioritize review of pending generic applications of the medicine in shortage, or similar products.”

Gottlieb said he is hopeful the approval of the new generic will quickly alleviate the valsartan shortage. Meanwhile, he says the FDA will step up its efforts to keep impurities out of approved prescription drugs.

Suspected human carcinogen

Valsartan began disappearing from pharmacies in the middle of last year after a Chinese company reported the presence of NDEA in several batches of its valsartan API. It was of special concern since NDEA is a suspected human carcinogen.

The FDA began its tests after the Chinese report and resulting recalls. The FDA probe, completed in September, not only found the impurity in the Chinese company's product, but also in Torrent Pharmaceutical’s valsartan 160mg (lot BV47D001) and 320mg (lots BV48D001 and BV48D002) tablets.

The discovery of a potential carcinogen in a prescription drug may well have been a wakeup call for the agency, It says it has conducted a major investigation to address the presence of nitrosamine impurities in certain generic ARB products.

The FDA says it has also worked with companies to move quickly to remove any products with unacceptable impurities from the U.S. market.

Mrs. Thomas took her prescription for her heart medication to the pharmacy to have it filled. “I don’t want one of those generic drugs either,” she stated. “I want the real thing.” So, are brand name drugs really better than generic version?

According to recent information published in Consumer Reports, the answer is an emphatic no. To win approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the manufacturer of the generic medication must show that the drug has the same active ingredient and that it is identical in strength, dosage form, route of administration and labeling as the brand name drug.

The company must also demonstrate that individuals absorb and excrete the medication at the same rate. Says a pharmaceutical scientist who worked for decades at the FDA, “People may think that brand name products are better because they’re more expensive, but the body doesn’t know whether the drug came from a brand name or a generic company.”

When a medication goes off patient, other pharmaceutical manufacturers are free to create generic versions of that drug. The consumer can save considerable money by switching to the generic form of that drug. But the price of the drug does not go down immediately after the generic is released to the market.

Let’s take a mythical medication, Fat-no-more, used for weight loss, as an example. The brand’s retail price for a month’s worth of Fat-no-more is $220. Then it goes generic. After one year, the generic price is about half: $110. After 2 years on the market, it goes to $48. After 3 years, the price is $12.

Why does it take so long for the price to go down? When a drug is about to go off patent, manufacturers file lawsuits to challenge the patent. The company that wins obtains a 6-month period to sell that generic exclusively. When that period is over, other generic houses can produce that drug, forcing the prices even lower. Today, 8 out of 10 prescriptions filled in the US are for generic drugs, says the FDA. Cost is a big factor because generics can be as much as 85% cheaper than their brand counterparts.

Costs soaring

The cost of generic drugs is soaring, however.

Relatively cheap as they are compared with brand name products, the price gap between brand name drugs and generics is beginning to narrow – and it is not because proprietary drugs are getting cheaper. A 2014 article in the New England Journal of Medicine revealed that certain older drugs, many of which are generic and not protected by patents or market exclusivity, are now also extremely expensive.

Examples:

• Captopril, used for hypertension and heart failure, increased in price by more than 2,800% between November 2012 and November 2013, from 1.4 cents to 39.9 cents per tablet.
• Doxycycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been in existence since 1967, zoomed in price from 6.3 cents to $3.36 per pill.
• Clomipramine, a long-established antidepressant, has jumped in price from 22 cents to $8.32 per pill.
• Digoxin, used for atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat) and heart failure by millions of Americans, saw a price increase of 637% between 2002 and 2013.
• Some generic versions of codeine formulations for migraine, thyroid medicines, as well as the generic steroid prednisolone, have all more than doubled in price since last year, according to industry analyst EvaluatePharma. 

Yet, low-cost generics have saved the health care industry $209 billion in 2012, $239 billion in 2013 and almost $1.5 trillion over the past decade, according to the most recent data.

Sadly, prices have spiked for certain medications because of shortages of raw materials, supply disruptions or other factors that have led some manufacturers to stop producing those medications, resulting in a near monopoly. The number of manufacturers of digoxin, for example, has fallen from 8 to 3.

As Aaron Kesselheim, MD, assistant professor of pharmaceutical economics at Harvard Medical School, stated, “Studies show it is not until you have 4 or 5 companies manufacturing the same generic will the prices really drop.” Therefore, ask your doctor to switch your medications to another drug in that class if you are spending more money than you would like.

Mrs. Thomas’ pharmacist explained the generic process to her and she agreed that perhaps the generic form of her pricy heart medication was as good as the “real thing” and she agreed to switch to the generic. She was pleased at the money she saved, as well as the confidence she gained from her pharmacist’s counseling.

The FDA has moved levonorgestrel – the contraceptive drug first sold as “Plan B One-Step” – one step closer to full over-the-counter status, by removing previous legal restrictions limiting the purchase of generic versions to buyers age 17 or older unless the buyers had a prescription.

Plan B's previous legal status was that official name-brand Plan B, produced by Teva, was available to all ages without a prescription, but the cheaper generic version was prescription-only to those age 16 and younger. The FDA's official reasoning for this restriction was that the generic version still needed to be tested on teenagers (rather than protecting Teva from low-priced generic competition).

NPR's health blog noted on March 2 that “the FDA now says the generic versions of the product must still say on their labels that they are intended for 'women 17 years of age or older,' but they may be sold directly from retail shelves without a requirement to produce proof of age.”

The Reproductive Health Technologies Project praised the FDA decision in a press release (.pdf) which noted that “in the very near future, people seeking generic emergency contraception, which tends to cost $7 less on average than the brand name product, will be able to get it directly off the shelf instead of from a pharmacist. Moving generic products to the shelf will also hopefully result in market competition that will drive down the price of EC overall.”

The FDA decision was made in compliance with a circa-2013 federal court order (also in .pdf form) requiring all “levonorgestrel-based emergency contraceptives [be] available without a prescription and without point-of-sale or age restrictions.”