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Congress to Tackle Junk Food in Schools

Legislation introduced would update nutritional standards, ban unhealthy foods

March 12, 2009

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This is the year Congress may take action to ensure schools offer healthier food to their students.

Rep. Lynn Woolsey (D-CA) has introduced a bill that would get junk foods out of schools once and for all, a measure likely to be addressed when Congress reauthorizes the Child Nutrition Act, which expires this year.

Current federal law prohibits only the sale of narrowly defined "foods of minimal nutritional value" in the cafeteria during meal times. But the nutrition standards for those foods haven't been updated in 30 years, during which time obesity rates in children have tripled.

The Child Nutrition Promotion and School Lunch Protection Act would have the U.S. Department of Agriculture update the nutrition standards for foods sold alongside school meals in cafeterias, vending machines, school stores, and elsewhere. Those standards would apply throughout the school day, and everywhere on campus — important reforms in an era where "multi-purpose rooms" are replacing cafeterias and vending machines line hallways.

While the typical school lunch is reasonably balanced, according to the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), children may replace it with, or add to it, sugary sports drinks, pizza, French fries, Snickers bars, Cheetos, or other nutritionally poor choices from a la carte, vending, and other sources.

"Despite pockets of progress in some states and school systems, most schools make junk food readily available to children," said CSPI nutrition policy director Margo G. Wootan. "But junk food in schools helps fuel an epidemic of obesity and diabetes in children. And, it undercuts the considerable federal investment we make in the healthy school lunch program."

Current nutrition standards keep some junk food out of the schools but let other junk food in through the back door. Today, doughnuts are allowed but lollipops are not. Cookies are fine, but breath mints are banned.

"It undermines the federal nutrition standards for meals if students spend their money on unhealthy options, said Woolsey. "It also undermines the role of parents who give lunch money to their children expecting them to eat something wholesome and nutritious and their money is spent on unhealthy options instead. That s why I introduced this legislation, and I look forward to working with my colleagues to get it signed into law."

USDA's definition of foods of minimal nutritional value hasn't changed since 1979. The Carter Administration's definition was focused on making sure foods sold in schools had five percent or more of the recommended daily intake levels of protein, vitamin C, calcium, and other nutrients.

However, that definition included no maximum amounts for calories, saturated fat, or sodium — all of which children now consume too much of. As a result, innocuous products like seltzer water or breath mints are forbidden, while ice cream bars and doughnuts are perfectly acceptable.

"Look, you can see how officials 30 years ago might have been concerned about whether our children were getting enough riboflavin or niacin," Wootan said. "Today, we need to reorient food policies toward preventing obesity, diabetes, and other diet-related diseases that might result in this generation of children living shorter lives than their parents."

"Many of the foods being sold to our students on school grounds undermine federal investment in healthy school meals, nutrition education, and the lifelong lessons that parents teach their children about healthy eating habits," said National PTA President Jan Harp Domene. "Families and local leaders have successfully advocated to remove unhealthy alternatives from some schools, but it is time for national leadership on this issue."

Besides CSPI and the National PTA, the legislation is backed by a coalition of medical, health, and children s advocacy groups including the American Dental Association, American Diabetes Association, American Dietetic Association, American Heart Association, Partnership for Prevention, Save the Children, and School Nutrition Association. The bill has 88 cosponsors.

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