How to sell and buy a house at the same time
Should you buy or sell first? What’s a contingent offer? Get these answers and more in our guide to buying and selling at the same time.
Rosemary Avance, Ph.D.
Buying a home is expensive. The down payment plus closing costs can total thousands of dollars. While this may seem daunting at first, you can receive down payment assistance (DPA) through low-interest loans and grants.
Often, first-time homebuyers don’t know what programs they're eligible for. We explain how down payment assistance programs work and what you need to qualify.
Find your state below for information on available programs. Not all are restricted to first-time homebuyers. Some programs incentivize homeownership in targeted areas, even if you’ve bought a house before.
Down payment assistance is financial funding that helps cover the upfront costs of buying a house. You can put the money toward your down payment (and sometimes closing costs, but not always).
There are different types of DPA programs; homebuyer grants and silent second mortgages are the most common. With a silent second mortgage, repayment isn't due until after the first mortgage (so, most people end up repaying it when they sell or refinance their house).
A homebuyer grant isn’t a loan at all. There’s no interest rate associated with the funds since you never have to pay it back, and no lien is attached to your property. You can also find matched savings programs through banks, government agencies or community organizations that offer DPA.
Silent second mortgage | Homebuyer grant |
---|---|
A type of a loan | Government funding |
Low or 0% interest rates | No lien against the property |
Can be deferred or forgivable | No repayment required |
DPA-approved mortgages include popular loan programs for first-time buyers, including FHA and conventional mortgages. There’s no reason not to take advantage of a down payment assistance (DPA) program, especially if it means you finally get your slice of the American dream. But before you do, you should understand how these programs work.
To qualify, you may have to meet specific credit score requirements (typically around 620) and debt-to-income requirements (often less than 50%). Annual income limits can also apply (varies by location). Grant requirements almost always include completing a HUD-approved education program. You may also need your Social Security card.
Depending on the program, down payment assistance loans might be forgivable after you live in the house for a specified period (typically five to 10 years).
All states have some kind of housing or finance agency. If you get DPA through your state’s housing finance agency, you must work with a lender approved by that agency. Most lenders offer some kind of DPA, but not all lenders have all types of programs available.
In addition to regional programs, cities and counties can offer DPA. You can also find programs through nonprofits and financing organizations. Most require you to complete a homebuyer education course to be eligible.
It’s important to know that DPA programs come and go with available funding. For the most up-to-date program requirements, it’s best to contact your local housing authority directly.
General eligibility requirements include:
Cash assistance comes via a second mortgage that is forgiven after four years unless you trigger a repayment event (such as selling or refinancing). To be eligible, you must demonstrate creditworthiness and finish a homebuyer education class.
Additionally, the City of Portsmouth’s HomeTown program offers financial assistance to people who want to buy their first home there. To qualify, borrowers must meet income and eligibility requirements (based on household size).
The City of Cranston also offers programs for first-time buyers and closing cost assistance programs, as do the City of Providence , City of Woonsocket and Barrington .
In partnership with the City of Central Falls, Pawtucket Central Falls Development assists eligible first-time homebuyers in Central Falls .
A Manufactured Housing Down Payment Loan Program helps if you’re buying a mobile home or replacing one with an Energy Star-rated upgrade.
In Burlington , down payment awards up to $10,000 are available with no interest and deferred payments.
The HomeFirst Down Payment Assistance Program gives qualified buyers up to $100,000 toward their down payment or closing costs for a one- to four-family home within New York City.
Additional DPA options in New York State include:
To be eligible:
Down payment assistance is also available through the City of Trenton , the City of Jersey City and the Atlantic County Improvement Authority .
You can also find the Home Buyer Assistance GAP Financing Program through the City of Williamsport and closing cost assistance through Neighborhood Housing Services of Greater Berks . Additional programs include:
Through DSHA’s Preferred Plus program, applicants can qualify for a no-interest second mortgage loan between 2% and 5% of the overall loan amount. You only have to pay it back when you sell, refinance or transfer the home, or if it's no longer your primary residence.
DPA and settlement assistance programs are also available in New Castle County and for city employees in Wilmington .
In Baltimore, you can also take advantage of Live Baltimore loans and grants. Special programs are available for city employees, veterans and first-time buyers. There are also special programs available if you plan to purchase a previously vacant building.
For FHA and conventional loans, you can get up to $7,500. Loans are serviced through a division of AHFA, so you only have to make one payment each month.
To qualify for Step Up , you must:
Florida’s State Housing Initiative Partnership (SHIP) funds affordable housing programs offered by local governments, including DPA programs.
For more programs, check out:
Additional local homeownership assistance programs include:
DPA programs are also available through the City of Lake Charles , the City of Shreveport , the City of Monroe , Terrebonne Parish and Jefferson Parish .
According to MHC’s website, a new down payment assistance program, Home4All, is “coming soon.” It will provide pre-purchase education and payment assistance. A significant portion of the funding will serve households with members who have disabilities.
When combined with an NCHFA Home Advantage Mortgage, down payment assistance is available for up to 20% of your home’s sale price, although there’s a $30,000 cap.
CPLP assistance comes as a zero-interest deferred second mortgage. There’s no monthly payment until the end of your first mortgage term unless you sell or refinance the house.
Local DPA resources include:
CommunityWorks offers DPA in Spartanburg and Greenville counties. Additional local resources are available for those in:
The Housing Fund , an organization based in Nashville, also offers DPA throughout Tennessee.
The City of Memphis offers financial assistance through its Division of Housing and Community Development (HCD). Develop 901 is also available throughout Shelby County.
In Clarksville, you can get assistance through the city’s First-Time Homebuyer Program .
The HOMEownership Down Payment and Closing Cost Assistance (DPA) program also offers flexible gap financing for first-time homebuyers.
Total Action for Progress (TAP) in Roanoke has a DPA program for up to 10% of the house’s sale price. You can also find assistance through the City of Danville and Piedmont Housing Alliance .
Homeownership loans are 30-year terms with fixed rates, with loan amounts up to 100% of the purchase price. Down payment and closing cost assistance is available up to $7,500 or $10,000 for eligible borrowers, depending on the loan-to-value ratio. The Movin’ Up program is a 15-year fixed-rate loan, with DPA available up to $5,000 or $8,000.
The Homebuyer Assistance Program (HAP) is available through the Eastern Panhandle HOME Consortium of West Virginia, including the City of Martinsburg .
According to the City of Huntington , DPA is also available through Habitat for Humanity of the Tri-State .
Additional assistance is available in Cook County through the Chicago Community Land Trust (CCLT) . The trust publishes a list of lenders that are familiar with the program’s down payment and closing cost assistance process and protocols. (Please note, FHA and VA loan products can’t be used in conjunction with the program.)
In Moline , DPA can provide up to 50% of your required down payment. Choose Aurora is another local homebuyer assistance loan program. Additional resources include:
In Indianapolis, the Hoosier Homes program accepts prospective buyers who earn up to $114,240 annually (per household).
Additional local programs include:
The 2nd Loan program offers up to 5% of the home’s purchase price (up to $5,000) and is repayable when you sell, refinance or pay off your first mortgage — no monthly payment is required.
General eligibility requirements include:
Local programs are also available through the City of Iowa City (Johnson County), the City of Oskaloosa , Sioux City and the Southwest Iowa Planning Council (SWIPCO) , which is available in Cass, Fremont, Harrison, Montgomery, Mills, Page, Pottawattamie and Shelby counties.
Down payment assistance is available through two MI DPA loan options:
According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) , Michigan’s single-family DPA is a second mortgage with 0% interest and no payments until the home is refinanced, transferred or sold, or when the first mortgage is fully paid.
Additionally, you can find DPA through these local or regional programs:
First Place loans can provide cash assistance to first-time buyers for down payment and closing costs. The Next Step Program enables nonfirst-time homebuyers who don’t have enough equity or savings to purchase a new house.
HOME-funded assistance program offers no-interest down payment loans up to $10,000 to eligible first-time homebuyers in St. Charles Urban County , including St. Charles, St. Peters, Cottleville, Weldon Spring, New Melle, St. Paul and Wentzville. You can find more DPA programs through:
The City of Cincinnati , City of Canton and City of Massillon also have DPA programs.
Movin’ Out is a statewide program to help residents become homeowners. The Western Dairyland DPA is available in Eau Claire, Trempealeau, Jackson and Buffalo counties. The HOME Consortium DPA is available in Jefferson, Ozaukee, Washington and Waukesha counties.
A few more grant and loan options include:
Local programs include:
To qualify, you must:
The Northern Ponca Housing Authority , appointed by the Tribal Council in 1993, also offers down payment assistance to eligible applicants in Omaha, Bellevue, Lincoln, Norfolk, Battle Creek, Columbus and Niobrara, as well as parts of South Dakota and Iowa.
You can also find DPA through the City of Fargo .
Qualified buyers can get up to 5% in down payment and closing cost assistance. The loan includes a second mortgage with a 0% interest rate that’s due when the property is sold or you pay off the first home loan.
GROW South Dakota is a statewide foundation that also offers homebuyer assistance.
REI Oklahoma (REI) also has cost assistance that can be in the form of a gift or second mortgage that’s forgivable after five years.
You can find local DPA resources through the following websites:
The Colorado Housing Assistance Corporation (CHAC) also provides low-interest (less than 7%) down payment assistance loans to low- and moderate-income first-time buyers throughout the state.
You can find local DAP programs in Longmont and Pueblo. Additional county-level down payment assistance programs can be found through:
If you qualify, the loan significantly reduces how much cash you need upfront. Idaho housing loans also come with tax credits worth up to $2,000 per year.
NeighborWorks Pocatello is a nonprofit organization that offers DPA in Bannock County.
Additionally, the HOME DPA program through NeighborWorks Montana provides loans between $2,500 and $25,000. In some cases, assistance is available up to $40,000.
In Southwest Montana, the Human Resources Development Council (HRDC) can provide down payment assistance to qualified first-time homebuyers in Gallatin, Park and Meagher counties.
NeighborWorks Salt Lake and the West Valley City Housing Authority provide DPA along with other homebuying resources. Own in Ogden assists buyers with the down payment or closing costs citywide. You can also receive DPA through the Provo City Corporation .
Check out the Community Development Corporation of Utah for a referral list of more DPA programs throughout the state.
The statewide Welcome Home Wyoming Program also provides up to 6% in DPA. Both programs require you to complete homebuyer education courses. Check out the Wyoming Housing Network for more information on class options.
The Pima Tucson Homebuyer Solution Program (PTHS) is available throughout Pima County.
The Home in Five Advantage program, available in Maricopa County , provides funds through a silent second mortgage. Buyers must make less than $105,000 to qualify. The City of Mesa also provides DPA.
Additional DPA options are available through the City of Albuquerque and the City of Santa Fe .
An additional HIP for Teachers program is specifically designed for educators. Qualifying buyers can get up to $7,500 toward down payment and closing costs. The loan is forgivable after five years. The program is available through March 31, 2022.
The Nevada Rural Housing Authority has a Home At Last down payment assistance program that offers up to $25,000 with no interest or payments required. It’s available in all counties, including parts of Clark and Washoe. Enterprise, Sparks, Whitney and Winchester are considered rural as well.
Check out the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs (TDHCA) for down payment assistance for first-time buyers, veterans and rural homebuyers through the Texas Homebuyer Program. Other qualified buyers can get assistance through the My Choice Texas Home (MCTH) program.
Residents of Travis County can take advantage of the Hill Country Home Down Payment Assistance (DPA) Program . There’s also a DPA program in Harris County .
The Southeast Texas Housing Finance Corporation (SETH) is available around Austin, Baytown, Brazoria, Chambers, Deer Park, Dickinson, LaMarque, La Porte, League City, Liberty, Galveston, Pasadena, Shoreacres, Santa Fe, Texas City, Tomball, Waller, Wharton and Matagorda.
Additional options are available through:
Alaska Housing Finance Corporation has DPA and closing cost assistance.
NeighborWorks Alaska has two programs for first-time buyers: the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) Tax-Exempt and the Taxable First-Time Homebuyer.
More nonprofits that provide down payment assistance in Alaska are:
You must meet income limits and obtain a homebuyer education certificate to qualify. Eligible properties include single-family and one-unit residences, condos and manufactured housing.
Note that the $15,000 cap does not apply to borrowers using a VA, USDA and some FHA loans (Section 184, for example). It also doesn’t apply to California school or fire department employees.
First-time homebuyers can also find a down payment assistance program through the County of Maui .
The Hawaii HomeOwnership Center is a nonprofit mortgage broker that helps low- to moderate-income families buy their first homes. Its down payment assistance loan (DPAL) program requires a 5% down payment.
The Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA) , Portland Community Reinvestment Initiatives (PCRI) and Hacienda Community Development Corporation also offer DPA programs in Portland.
For more, check out Oregon Realtors , an advocacy group that publishes a list of updated DPA programs by county .
Rural Resources Community Action has several DPA programs (available in Chewelah, Colville, Davenport, Ione, Newport and Republic).
As of publishing, additional options include:
The federal government offers a few down payment assistance programs. The Chenoa Fund, available through CBC Mortgage Agency, helps homeowners cover up to 3.5% of their down payments. Depending on your credit score and income, you can receive a grant, a forgivable second mortgage or a regular second mortgage.
Government loans often come with lower down payments than private mortgages.”
Fannie Mae allows three main sources of down payment and closing cost assistance: grants, gifts and a program called Community Seconds. Freddie Mac's Affordable Seconds is another available DPA program.
While not technically down payment assistance, government loans often come with lower down payments than private mortgages. For example, VA-backed purchase loans and USDA-guaranteed mortgages don’t require you to make a down payment at all.
Don’t be discouraged if you’re having trouble saving for a down payment — there are resources that can help. Down payment assistance programs are a form of financial aid offered by nonprofits and federal, state and local governments that help homebuyers.
If you get a conventional loan, down payment assistance funds could save you a lot in mortgage insurance premiums over time. That’s a substantial amount of money that some homeowners struggle to save.
DPA can put homeownership within reach if you’re a first-time buyer, and some programs provide assistance even if you’ve previously purchased a home. Just remember that programs vary by state — you’ll need to investigate each program’s requirements to make sure you qualify for assistance.
Down payment assistance is just one type of program available to help you own your first home. Explore other first-time homebuyer programs to make sure you don’t overlook any of your options. For more, read about how much you should put down or the average down payment next.
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