Current Events in April 2019

When a recent paper suggested that self-driving cars are more likely to hit pedestrians with darker skin, it was met with some skepticism. Critics quickly waved away the concerns by noting that the researchers didn’t have access to any individual company’s self-driving models or datasets. But that’s because such industry data is not offered to the public, leaving researchers with little way to independently vet the technology already being unleashed on public roads.

“In an ideal world, academics would be testing the actual models and training sets used by autonomous car manufacturers,” Kate Crawford, an AI researcher not involved with the paper, said in a post defending the work. “But given those are never made available (a problem in itself), papers like these offer strong insights into very real risks.”

The risks described by the Georgia Institute of Technology researchers in their report, published in late February, were a five percentage point difference in the ability to detect if a pedestrian was in a machine’s path, depending on if the pedestrian had darker or lighter skin. The authors said they studied popular object-detection software programs for their report, reasoning that the same software may also be used by self-driving car companies.

“The main takeaway from our work is that vision systems that share common structures to the ones we tested should be looked at more closely,” one of the co-authors told Vox.

Trouble detecting pedestrians

Such warnings didn’t appear to make a difference in industry hype over self-driving cars. On April 22, a day that Tesla named “Autonomy Investor Day,” CEO Elon Musk said that a million robo-taxis with full self-driving capabilities would be ready for consumers sometime next year.

General Motors, in the midst of cutting 14,000 jobs to refocus on autonomous technology, recently said that its $2.1 billion profits from the first quarter of 2019 would go toward producing a fleet of autonomous vehicles to be used for ridesharing, also ready by sometime next year. And state lawmakers in Utah in late March unanimously voted to open their roads to self-driving car testing with a measure that legally designates computer software as a driver.

Whether the cars are ready to deploy without an actual human inside, however, remains an open question under debate between the industry and its critics.

Phil Koopman is a robotics engineer at Carnegie Mellon University and a safety tester for companies experimenting with self-driving technology. Though he can’t disclose his individual clients, he is transparent about the open safety questions that he says the industry has yet to publicly answer.

"We've seen some of these systems have trouble identifying construction workers,” he tells ConsumerAffairs, describing anecdotal experience with the technology. “We speculate it's because they're wearing yellow and green coats that no one else wears.”

"It also has trouble with women wearing short skirts with bare legs,” he says. “We’ve actually found instances where it totally does not see them."

Independent researchers have previously said that detecting motorcyclists may also be a problem, and industry engineers have admitted that detecting bicyclists is yet another blind spot. (Representatives from Waymo and Ford have previously proposed equipping censors to cyclists as one possible solution, something that cyclists say unfairly shifts the burden to vulnerable road users).

Koopman had not reviewed the paper comparing differences in how object-detection software responds to skin color when he spoke to ConsumerAffairs. But generally, he noted that technology is only as biased as the humans who create it. If AI is not “shown” enough people who look a certain way, then the machine won’t learn to see them as people.

"It isn't really that they have dark skin, it’s that they have skin color that's different than most of the dataset,” he says.

Information about whether the industry is using enough people of color in their datasets isn't publicly available, like much else with autonomous vehicles. But research into other emerging technologies in Silicon Valley isn’t encouraging on this front. In January, a report from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) said that Amazon's facial recognition software, Rekognition, appeared to struggle with identifying women and black people.

“Consequently, the potential for weaponization and abuse of facial analysis technologies cannot be ignored,” the MIT researchers warned.

As for self-driving cars, Koopman says that there are two major questions that the industry is facing right now.

“When are they going to deploy? When are they going to be acceptably safe?” he says. “I would strongly prefer that before they deploy. But right now, with our current regulatory system, they get to deploy when they think they are safe, which is not the same thing as knowing that they are safe.”

The A.V. Start Act stalls

The auto and tech companies that make up the self-driving industry have assured consumers that their technology will save lives, repeatedly pointing to the thousands of car crashes that humans cause every year as justification. The federal guidelines regulating self-driving cars are mostly voluntary and currently left to states like Arizona, where lawmakers have promised to “pave the way for new technology” and refrain from doing anything that would “put the brakes on innovation.”

The A.V. Start Act, a bill that would allow for expanded self-driving testing and deployment at the federal level, has stalled amid resistance from national organizations representing cyclists, police officers, nurses, wheelchair-users, and brain injury victims, to name a few of the groups who say that the technology needs to undergo further testing on closed courses.

“Even if you never get inside a driverless car, everyone will share the roads with them,” notes Ralph Hotchkiss, the founder of a company that produces wheelchairs.

But the industry and some lawmakers insist that the technology is ready for public roadways. When Utah’s lawmakers voted to bring self-driving testing to the state in March, state officials characterized the technology as a public good.

“We believe that connectivity and autonomy will save lives,” Blaine Leonard, an engineer with the state’s department of transportation, recently told Government Technology magazine. “We believe in the long term, this will be safer, so we want to encourage it and we want to promote it.”

Safety advocates remain skeptical of that narrative, pointing out that the industry has been open about the enormous amounts of money they expect autonomous technology to generate.

“Autonomous driving technology will enable a new ‘Passenger Economy’ worth US $7 trillion,” Intel has optimistically predicted, “more than the projected 2017 GDPs of Japan and Brazil combined.”

Some victims of the tech support scam who live in Ohio are getting justice. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the state of Ohio are sending out $92,000 in refunds to consumers who were tricked.

We’ve reported on this scheme over the years. There are many variations of the tech support scam, but most go like this: an ad that looks like a security alert pops up on a consumer’s computer informing them they have a virus and provides a toll-free number to call to get it removed.

If the victim bites, he or she will be charged several hundred dollars for “lifetime support” and sold useless software they don’t need. It’s rare that victims ever get relief, but in this case the FTC and Ohio reached a settlement with operators who were doing business under a variety of names, including Repair All PC and WebTech World, among others.

Masquerading as Microsoft

As early as 2015, scammers were cold calling consumers and claiming to be employees of Microsoft, telling their intended victims that an analysis had indicated their PC was infected with malware that could be removed for a hefty fee. In one year, Microsoft said it received 175,000 complaints about that scheme.

The latest FTC complaint said people who called the toll-free number listed on the pop-up ads were urged to provide the telemarketers with remote access to their computers. The telemarketers then went through the motions of running diagnostic tests before delivering the bad news -- the victim’s computer was packed with viruses, had been hacked, or had other problems.

Checks are in the mail

The FTC said it is mailing checks, averaging $417 each, to 222 victims of the scam. Those receiving a check should deposit or cash it within 60 days, as indicated on the check.

The FTC also points out that it never requires people to pay money or provide account information to cash a refund check, heading off yet another scam in which criminals promise to help victims receive their compensation in exchange for a fee.

Consumers who believe they are due a refund should watch their mail for a check. If they have questions, they can contact the FTC’s refund administrator -- Rust Consulting, Inc. -- at 1-877-773-8183.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified two sources of an E. coli contamination that has sickened 177 people over the last few weeks, but the agency still has a mystery on its hands.

The same strain of E. coli -- 0103 -- has been linked to K2D, which sells beef under the brand name Colorado Premium Foods and Grant Park Packing. The two food companies are not related in any way and are located in different states. But both have been linked to E. coli 0103, which is responsible for most, but not all, of the illnesses in the current outbreak.

Then there’s the fact that some people got sick after eating ground beef in restaurants while others got sick from hamburger meat cooked at home. In a Food Safety Alert, the CDC said it is searching for other possible sources of contamination, calling it an “evolving” investigation.

The CDC has just released preliminary data showing little headway in dealing with foodborne illness in the U.S. It reported the most commonly reported pathogen associated with foodborne illness last year was Campylobacter, a bacteria associated with raw or undercooked poultry. It had an incidence rate of 19.6 cases per 100,000 people in 2018, a 12 percent increase over a baseline period of 2015-2017.

Targeting Campylobacter

In its report, the CDC recommended measures to “target Campylobacter contamination in chicken” as a means of reducing foodborne illness. The suggestion was welcomed by the Consumer Federation of America (CFA), which has long complained that food safety resources are being diminished.

“USDA’s Food Safety Inspection Service prompted an outcry from consumer advocates last year when it revealed that changes in the Campylobacter testing methodology have prevented the agency from detecting the vast majority of positive samples,” said Thomas Gremillion, director of Food Policy at CFA.

Gremillion said one area of concern is a decision by food safety inspectors to stop assessing whether restaurants and food processing establishments meet the current Campylobacter performance standards.

“Hopefully this latest data will motivate USDA to reconsider interim measures for controlling Campylobacter in poultry plants, and to work expeditiously to develop new performance standards,” he said.

Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) announced this week he will push Congress to restore funding in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) budget to look for and eradicate bacteria in food. His comments came after inspectors found Listeria and Salmonella bacteria that shut down an ice cream manufacturing plant.

Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti on Monday announced plans for a local Green New Deal initiative.

Under the  plan, Los Angeles residents will have to cut their driving by 50 percent over the next three decades and use transportation other than a personal car for at least half of their trips by 2035. The plan also calls for 10,000 chargers for electric vehicles to be installed across the city.

At the municipal level, the initiative will require renovations on all city-owned buildings to make them “all-electric.” The plan also calls for an end to styrofoam and for the planting of 90,000 trees by 2021. Plastic straws and single-use containers will be phased out by 2028. Overall, Garcetti says, the plan will help Los Angeles become carbon-neutral by 2050.

Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez popularized the idea of a Green New Deal following protests by the Sunrise Movement, a grassroots environmental non-profit.

In a blog post, Sunrise Movement organizers gave a grim assessment of Los Angeles’ local answer to the national proposal.

“That is not a Green New Deal,” the organization said.

Marriott is eyeing a share of the home-sharing market, currently dominated by Airbnb. The hotel chain announced Tuesday that it’s launching a home-sharing product similar to Airbnb following a successful pilot in Europe.

“The launch of Homes & Villas by Marriott International reflects our ongoing commitment to innovation as consumer travel needs evolve,” Marriott International Global Chief Commercial Officer Stephanie Linnartz said in a statement. “What started out as a pilot a year ago is now a global offering, providing our guests with the space and amenities of a home backed by a trusted travel company, and the very best in loyalty benefits.”

Marriott’s home-sharing platform will focus exclusively on high-end homes that are managed by property management companies. The chain said it will offer 2,000 premium home rentals in over 100 destinations, with plans to expand to other locations later.

Premium home rentals

“By working with a select group of professional management companies that understand and operate in this dynamic landscape, we are able to focus on what we do best – selecting a breadth of homes in inspiring destinations, setting standards for responsive service and designing a seamless booking experience that helps our guests navigate an increasingly complex and uncertain set of home rental choices,” Marriott International VP of Homes & Villas Jennifer Hsieh said in a statement.

Marriott believes it may have an edge over Airbnb in the area of hotel-like amenities, which are often lacking in Airbnb rentals. The company said it guarantees that certain extras -- including Wi-Fi, crisp white sheets, bath amenities, baby cribs, and smoke alarms -- will be available to guests.

Prices to rent one of Marriott’s properties range from $200 to $10,000 a night. Customers enrolled in Marriott’s Bonvoy loyalty program can earn points toward hotel rewards every time they rent a house or apartment through the company’s new service.

Amazon’s goal of making one-day shipping the default plan for Prime customers is facing criticism from the head of a major labor union.

Stuart Appelbaum, president of the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, argued in a statement published Friday that speeding up deliveries may not be feasible for fulfillment center workers who are already processing several hundred orders per hour during long shifts.

“With two-day Prime shipping, Amazon fulfillment workers currently face speeds of 200-300 orders per hour in 12-hour shifts. They struggle already to maintain that pace,” Appelbaum said. “If Amazon plans to effectively double the speed, it must also address existing workforce needs and ensure its workers are safe. Increasing fulfillment speeds means they need to hire more workers, under more sustainable speeds that don’t put worker’s lives in jeopardy.”

In a statement of its own, Amazon called the claims presented in Appelbaum’s statement “misguided and self-serving” and added that the company’s 20 years of business experience has helped it build “a positive, safe environment in our facilities.”

“This enables Amazon to deliver orders faster and more efficiently — not by working harder but by working smarter based on decades of process improvement and innovation,” Dave Clark, senior vice president of Amazon Worldwide Operations, said in the statement.

Criticism over warehouse pay and environment

This isn’t the first time Amazon has faced criticism over the way it treats its warehouse workers. Back in December, Amazon warehouse workers in New York announced plans to unionize, citing 12-hour shifts, low pay, and the company’s hard-to-meet performance quotas.

One employee said during a press conference that ever since Amazon opened a warehouse on Staten Island, “management has forced everyone at the warehouse to work 12-hour shifts for five or six days a week.”

Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Ver.) has also criticized Amazon for it’s pay and work environment at warehouses and fulfillment centers.

“Amazon has been less than forthcoming with information about their employment practices,” Sanders said in a statement last August. “What we do know is that Amazon’s median employee pay is only $28,446 — 9 percent less than the industry average and well below what constitutes a living wage in the United States. Further, we believe that many of Amazon’s workers are employed by temporary staffing agencies and contractors and make even less than the median Amazon employee.”

Amazon has maintained that its fulfillment center workers are treated well and that full-time employees earn an average hourly wage of over $15 an hour before overtime.

“In addition to highly competitive wages and a climate controlled, safe workplace, Amazon provides employees with a comprehensive benefit package including health insurance, disability insurance, retirement savings plans, and company stock,” Amazon said in response to Sanders’ statement.

Amazon said last week that its goal of speeding up shipping times for Prime customers would be “very important for the customer.”

Ridesharing leaders Lyft and Uber have put a temporary hold on new driver applications in New York City.

In a report first published by Politico, Uber stopped hiring new drivers in the Big Apple on April 1, then Lyft followed suit on April 19.

Uber’s move may seem retaliatory to some, given that it was only a couple of months ago when Uber sued the city for placing a cap on the allowable number of ride-sharing drivers.

“In a little-noticed posting on its website, Uber attributed its new policy ‘in part to new TLC regulations,’” Politico reported. On Lyft’s site, ConsumerAffairs found a simply-worded “Because of TLC regulations, we're currently not accepting new drivers in New York City at this time. You can still apply to drive in the rest of New York State and New Jersey.”

Too many cars on an uneven playing ground

New York City imposed its new limits on the allowable number of ridesharing vehicles on its streets last August, claiming that the overabundance of ridesharing drivers -- some 80,000 compared to 13,000 taxi drivers -- was creating an unanticipated high level of traffic congestion.

The city’s new rules would penalize Lyft and Uber for having an oversupply of cars without passengers on the city’s streets. The higher the utilization rate is for companies like Lyft and Uber, the less those companies have to pay drivers to meet the new wage floor requirement. That new minimum for ridesharing drivers would be $17.22 an hour after expenses.

Lyft and Uber’s presence on New York’s streets were also a thorn in the side of taxi drivers for the simple fact that taxi drivers have rules they have to follow to keep their license and rideshare drivers don’t.

Transportation industry expert Bruce Schaller told Politico his take is that Uber and Lyft’s hiring freeze is an offshoot of the new wage minimum and New York City’s single-year ban on new for-hire vehicles which began August, 2018.

“Both companies are now moving toward limiting how many cars and drivers are on the street,” Schaller said. “That should be good for traffic. And the [city] wage rule should mean it's good for drivers."

The hand-wringing continues

Is ridesharing a good thing or a bad thing? How much do consumers need? Over the course of the last few years, ConsumerAffairs has seen it all -- from lawsuits over Lyft and Uber denying access to disabled consumers to a class action lawsuit by Uber drivers alleging that the company denied them employment based on illegal background checks.

For the moment, both Lyft and Uber are both on their best behavior as they roll out initial public offerings (IPO). Lyft has already been slapped with a lawsuit for over-stating its value, and in preparation for its soon-to-happen IPO. Uber is taking a more cautious approach, telling potential investors that it may never be profitable and citing factors such as driver recruitment, competitive pricing moves, and trying to build up its side hustles like food delivery and scooters.

In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), T-Mobile and Sprint announced a deadline extension for their $26 billion merger. The telecom companies now have until July 29 to get FCC and Justice Department officials on board with their proposal to merge.

Earlier this month, the Wall Street Journal reported that the two companies had been told by Justice Department staff that the merger isn’t likely to be approved as currently structured.

This week, Makan Delrahim, head of the Justice Department’s antitrust division, said he’s not sure whether he will greenlight the deal.

“I have not made up my mind,” Delrahim said in an interview with CNBC. “The investigation continues. We’ve requested some data from the companies that will be forthcoming. We don’t have a set number of meetings or a timeline.”

Consumer groups argue against the merger

The merger would combine the nation’s third and fourth largest telecommunications companies. Both Sprint and T-Mobile have insisted that the merger is crucial to their ability to compete with their larger rivals ahead of the nationwide rollout of 5G technology.

The deal has hung in the balance since it was first announced last April. It has faced stiff opposition from consumer groups who argue that the merger would lead to higher prices for consumers, as well as the loss of up to 30,000 jobs.

The 4Competition Coalition, one of the groups that has spoken out against the deal, published a statement this week reiterating that its members believe the merger should not be approved.

“In the year since T-Mobile and Sprint announced plans to merge, they have failed to show that this deal is in the public interest and complies with antitrust law,” the group said. “The companies seem to believe PR and spin will carry the day, but we believe that, based on the facts and the law, this proposed merger should be blocked.”

A new study conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation measured healthcare practices in countries around the world, and it found some rather interesting statistics.

Over the last 27 years, the United States has seen advancements in healthcare for children and adolescents, but maternal mortality rates have increased by nearly 70 percent. According to the study, only seven other countries had a similar pattern, but the United States surpassed all other countries with its maternal mortality rate.

“Our findings are particularly alarming because the health of children is very closely linked to that of their mothers,” said researcher Dr. Nicholas Kassebaum. “This paradox warrants closer investigation in the United States to determine how we can prioritize health improvements for mothers alongside those for children and adolescents.”

Analyzing healthcare trends

The study evaluated child and adolescent healthcare trends from nearly 200 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. While the United States’ maternal mortality rate is particularly concerning, there were some positive trends that came out of the study, including the childhood mortality rate, which is at an all-time low globally.

The researchers credit this statistic to the decline in deaths from communicable diseases, such as lower respiratory infections and diarrhea, among others. The findings reveal that childhood and adolescent deaths went from nearly 14 million in 1990 to under seven million in 2017.

On a more serious note, the researchers found that both self-harm and violence towards others increased in 50 countries over the course of the study, while conditions like malaria, HIV/AIDS, and birth defects continue to plague children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.

In wealthier countries, children’s health was most compromised by asthma, congenital birth defects, and mental and behavioral disorders.

Additionally, the researchers found that communicable diseases, though on the decline, are still cause for concern, as they are the leading cause of childhood mortality, along with self-injury and malnutrition. These findings provide a global picture of healthcare trends, and the researchers’ goal is to continue working to improve conditions around the world.

“An emerging threat is the large and growing burden of mental health and substance use disorders among older children and adolescents globally,” said researcher Dr. Bobby Reiner. “As more children survive infancy, already overburdened health systems will need to adapt to the challenge of addressing noncommunicable diseases among older children and adolescents.”

To see the full study, click here.

Keeping moms and kids healthy

One of the biggest themes from this study and past research in this area is that mothers’ health can oftentimes affect children’s health, which is why both are of the utmost importance.

One recent study found that childbirth is more dangerous for women today than it was for their mothers, while another study revealed that waiting at least one year after childbirth to get pregnant is key for both a mother and her baby to stay healthy.  

Additionally, several studies have looked at how parents can keep their children healthy, including limiting secondhand smoke in the home and taking other sources of air pollution into consideration.

Burger King is adding a meatless burger to its menus nationwide. The fast food chain launched a pilot program on April 1 to test the Impossible Whopper, a vegan patty made from wheat and potato proteins, at 59 stores in Missouri.

Less than a month later, Burger King says the pilot project has shown “encouraging results” and that the meatless patty is ready to become a permanent menu item. The patty is made by Beyond Meat, a company that also produces meatless burger substitutes for Carl’s Jr. restaurants.

The embrace of plant-based foods by fast food restaurants reflects a growing consumer demand for veggie options, even among consumers who aren’t full-time vegans or vegetarians.

Kids II of Atlanta, Georgia, is recalling about 694,0000 Kids II Rocking Sleepers.

Infant fatalities have occurred in the Rocking Sleepers, after the infants rolled from their back to their stomach while unrestrained, or under other circumstances.

Five infant fatalities have occurred since the the product was introduced in 2012.

This recall involves ALL models of Kids II Rocking Sleepers:

The Rocking Sleepers, manufactured in China, were sold at major retailers nationwide, including Walmart, Target and Toys “R” Us and online from March 2012, through April 26, 2019, for approximately $40-$80.

What to do

Consumers should immediately stop using the product and contact Kids II for a refund or voucher.

Consumers may contact Kids II toll-free at (866) 869-7954from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (ET) Monday through Friday, or online at www.kids2.com and click on “IMPORTANT RECALL INFORMATION” at the top of the page.

Flying Tiger Copenhagen is recalling about 2,200 wooden train carts.

The steam dome on the toy train’s engine car can come loose, posing a choking hazard.

No incidents or injuries are reported.

This recall involves all five pieces of the wooden toy train carts. The train carts have a blue base, and colorful wagon on top, as either the front part of the train, with two steam domes, an apple cart, a wood log cart, a milk cart and a caboose cart.

All train carts were sold with a white label, which was placed around each cart with a nylon string. The model number (3010874) and batch number (211693US) are printed on the label.

Each piece has been sold individually.

The toy train carts, manufactured in China, were sold at Flying Tiger Copenhagen stores nationwide from November 2018, through March 2019, for about $2.

What to do

Consumers should take the recalled toy train cart away from children immediately and return it to the nearest Flying Tiger Copenhagen store for a full refund. No receipt is needed.

Consumers may contact Flying Tiger Copenhagen toll-free at (844) 350-0560 from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. (ET) Monday through Friday, by email at info.us@flyingtiger.com, or online at www.flyingtiger.com and click on “Product Information” at the bottom of the page for more information.

Legacy Pharmaceutical Packaging is expanding its earlier recall of Losartan Potassium tablets, a prescription medication used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure, to include one additional lot.

The product contains trace amounts of N-Nitroso N-Methyl 4-amino butyric acid (NMBA), a potential human carcinogen.

Legacy has not received any reports of adverse events to date.

The following four repackaged lots numbers (3 initial repackaged lot and 1 expanded repackaged lot) , are being recalled:

The product can be identified by checking the product name and repackaged lot number on the bottle containing these products.

The recalled product was distributed by pharmacies nationwide.

What to do

Legacy is notifying its customers in writing and is arranging/assisting for return of all recalled products to Inmar Pharmaceutical Services.

Instructions for returning recalled products are provided in the recall letter.

Consumers with questions may contact Inmar at (877) 538-8443, Monday – Friday, 9am – 5pm EST.

American Honda Motor Co., is recalling 93,946 model year 2018-2019 Acura MDXs & Honda Pilots, and model year 2019 Acura RLXs, RLX Sport Hybrids, TLXs, and Honda Odysseys and Ridgelines.

The timing belt teeth may separate from the belt, which may result in an engine stall, increasing the risk of crash.

What to do

Honda will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the vehicle and replace any affected timing belt free of charge. Vehicles receiving a replacement timing belt will also have the engine inspected and any damaged components will be replaced for free.

The recall is expected to begin June 1, 2019.

Owners may contact customer service at (888) 234-2138. Honda's number for this recall is L4M. Acura's number for this recall is Z4L.

At the Aircraft Interiors Expo 2019 in Germany, Italian seat manufacturer Aviointeriors unveiled a new chair design that would put airplane passengers in a near-standing position. The concept would allow airlines to offer another option called "ultra-basic economy,” the company said.

The latest version of the company’s Skyrider “standing seat” looks similar to a bicycle seat and requires a passenger to straddle the middle section while leaning against a back support.

“Skyrider is concept foundation of new way to travel in the short-haul routes,” the company said on its website. “Innovation is driving Aviointeriors in developing a new concept of a family of economy seats.”

‘Ultra-high density’ of people

Aviointeriors says its Skyrider standing seats may appeal to airlines eyeing different ways of fitting more passengers into cabins on flights shorter than three hours. With the seats installed, airplane cabins would be able to fit in 20 percent more passengers in the same amount of space.

The manufacturer explained that the seats would allow for an “ultra-high density” of passengers in the cabin because each seat “ensures an increased upright passenger position, allowing installation of the seat at a reduced pitch.”

Additionally, the newest version of the Skyrider seat “weighs 50% less than standard economy class seats and the reduced number of components enable minimum maintenance costs,” Aviointeriors said.

So far, no airline has expressed interest in testing Aviointeriors’ standing seats.

The unveiling of the latest iteration of the company’s standing seats comes just a few weeks after Delta revealed that it’s testing reduced-recline seats in its A320 aircraft cabins. Delta insists the move is intended to increase legroom and improve the customer experience for everyone, not cram more seats into the economy cabin.

“It’s all about protecting customers’ personal space and minimizing disruptions to multitasking in-flight.” Savannah Huddleston, a company spokeswoman, said in a statement.

Ford is under investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) over the testing practices it uses to calculate diesel emissions. In its first-quarter financial report, Ford said the probe “currently focuses on issues relating to road load estimations, including analytical modeling and coastdown testing."

In an effort to preemptively distance itself from comparisons to Volkswagen’s “Dieselgate” scandal, the automaker noted that the investigation "does not involve the use of defeat devices.” Rather, it involves the potential issue of miscalculations made during the testing process.

The investigation stems from "overstated" fuel mileage on a "large number" of models, according to the regulatory filing. Back in February, Ford launched its own investigation into its emissions testing practices after employees noticed inconsistencies in results.

"We voluntarily disclosed this matter to the EPA and the California Air Resources Board [CARB] on February 18, 2019 and February 21, 2019, respectively," Ford said in the report. The Justice Department then "opened a criminal investigation into the matter.”

“In addition, we have notified a number of other state and federal agencies,” the automaker said. “We are fully cooperating with all government agencies. Because this matter is still in the preliminary stages, we cannot predict the outcome, and we cannot provide assurance that it will not have a material adverse effect on us."

While Ford has self-reported its potential emissions miscaluations, the SEC has accused Volkswagen of deliberately concealing its emissions scheme. Daimler, the parent company of Mercedes-Benz, and Fiat Chrysler have also faced criminal investigations over the use of defeat devices.

Southwest Airlines, which owns the largest U.S. fleet of grounded Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, was unaware a standard safety feature to warn pilots about malfunctioning sensors had been turned off on those jets.

Boeing did not tell Southwest the alarm, known as a “disagree” monitor, was turned off until after the fatal Lion Air crash of a 737 MAX 8 in October, according to The Wall Street Journal. Five months later another MAX 8, operated by Ethiopian Airlines, crashed on takeoff killing all on board.

In both instances, faulty data from the angle of attack (AOA) sensor is believed to have played a role in the accidents by forcing the planes’ nose down during takeoff when the aircraft should have been climbing.

In cases like that, the disagree monitor should light up in the cockpit, alerting the crew that the plane was responding to incorrect information. The AOA disagree light is a working function on all older models of the Boeing 737.

In a statement to CNBC, Southwest said that prior to the Lion Air crash last year it had reason to believe the AOA disagree monitor was operable.

“The manual documentation presented by Boeing at Southwest’s MAX entry into service indicated the AOA Disagree Light functioned on the aircraft, similar to the Lights on our NG series,” the airline said. “After the Lion Air event, Boeing notified us that the AOA Disagree Lights were inoperable without the optional AOA Indicators on the MAX aircraft.”

After receiving that information, Southwest said it took steps to activate the AOA disagree lights on all of its 737 MAX aircraft. Southwest owns 34 of the MAX 8s while American has 24 and United operates 14.

Effect on earnings

Southwest Airlines CEO Gary Kelly cited the grounding of those 34 jets as one reason Southwest’s first-quarter earnings fell below last year’s. In addition, Kelly said the government shutdown and bitterly cold weather in the first two months of the year were a drag on earnings. Kelly said the grounding could further affect operations throughout 2019.

“We simply don't have a confirmed timeline to share with regard to when the MAX will return to service,” Kelly said in a statement. “There have been dates ranging from May to July depending on who is commenting. We have our schedule adjusted through August 5th, and if the aircraft are available to fly earlier, we will use them as additional spares to further enhance the reliability of our scheduled service.”