Complain about a product or service

Study: Just One Cigarette Can Harm Young Healthy Adults

Arteries affected by minimal smoke intake

By James Limbach
ConsumerAffairs.com

October 28, 2009

• California Sues E-Cigarette Marketer • Study: Quit Smoking And Save Your Vision • Report: States Cut Funding for Tobacco Prevention Programs • Study: Herbal Cigarettes No Healthier Than Regular Smokes • Companies Warned Against Marketing Illegal Flavored Cigarettes • Study: Just One Cigarette Can Harm Young Healthy Adults • Smoking Bans Cut Heart Attack Risks Associated With Secondhand Smoke • FDA Bans Candy- and Fruit-Flavored Cigarettes • Heart Attack Rates Drop After Smoking Bans • Oregon Sues Electronic Cigarette Maker • Oregon Halts Sale Of Electronic Cigarettes • Experts Warn About Electronic Cigarettes • Turning The Tables On Big Tobacco • Senate Approves Bill For FDA Tobacco Regulation • Florida Smoker's Widow Awarded $30 Million • Court Finds Tobacco Companies Lied About Smoking Dangers • California Reinstates Tobacco Fraud Class Action --- • More about Smoking & Health

Even one cigarette has serious adverse effects on young adults, according to research presented by Dr. Stella Daskalopoulou at the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress 2009.

The study found that smoking one cigarette increases the stiffness of the arteries in 18-to-30-year-olds by a whopping 25 per cent.

Arteries that are stiff or rigid increase resistance in the blood vessels, making the heart work harder. The stiffer the artery, the greater the risk for heart disease or stroke.

"Young adults aged 20-24 years have the highest smoking rate of all age groups in Canada," says Dr. Daskalopoulou, an internal medicine and vascular medicine specialist at McGill University Health Center. "Our results are significant because they suggest that smoking just a few cigarettes a day impacts the health of the arteries. This was revealed very clearly when these young people were placed under physical stress, such as exercise."

The study compared the arterial stiffness of young smokers (five to six cigarettes a day) with non-smokers. The median age was 21 years. Arterial measurements were taken in the radial artery (in the wrist), the carotid artery (in the neck), and in the femoral artery (in the groin), at rest and after exercise.

Arterial stiffness in both smokers and non-smokers was measured using a new but well established method called applanation tonometry. The 'arterial stress test,' which measures the arteries' response to the stress of exercise, is comparable to a cardiac stress test, which measures the heart's response to the stress of exercise.

"In effect we were measuring the elasticity of arteries under challenge from tobacco," explains Dr. Daskalopoulou.

An initial arterial stress test was carried out to establish a baseline measurement for both the non-smokers and the smokers, who were asked not to smoke for 12 hours prior to the test. After the first meeting, smokers returned and smoked one cigarette each and then repeated the stress test. During the final meeting, smokers were asked to chew a piece of nicotine gum prior to the stress test.

Dr. Daskalopoulou found that after exercise the arterial stiffness levels in non-smokers dropped by 3.6 per cent. Smokers, however, showed the reverse: after exercise their arterial stiffness increased by 2.2 per cent. After nicotine gum, it increased by 12.6 per cent. After one cigarette, it increased by 24.5 per cent.

Interestingly, there was no difference in the arterial stiffness measurements between smokers and non-smokers at rest. "In effect, this means that even light smoking in otherwise young healthy people can damage the arteries, compromising the ability of their bodies to cope with physical stress, such as climbing a set of stairs or running to catch a bus," says Dr. Daskalopoulou. "It seems that this compromise to respond to physical stress occurs first, before the damage of the arteries becomes evident at rest."

"More than 47,000 Canadians will die prematurely each year due to tobacco use, which often starts in the teen years," warns Heart and Stroke Foundation spokesperson Dr. Beth Abramson. "We know that over 90 per cent of teenagers who smoke as few as three to four cigarettes a day may be trapped into a lifelong habit of regular smoking, which typically lasts 35 to 40 years."

Smoking contributes to the build up of plaque in the arteries, increases the risk of blood clots, reduces the oxygen in the blood, increases blood pressure, and makes the heart work harder. Smoking also nearly doubles the risk of ischemic stroke.

Report Your Experience
If you've had a bad experience -- or a good one -- with a consumer product or service, we'd like to hear about it. All complaints are reviewed by class action attorneys and are considered for publication on our site. Knowledge is power! Help spread the word. File your consumer report now.

Follow us on Twitter.