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Study: Moderate Fish Consumption Poses Mercury Risks

December 7, 2005

Mercury in Fish • High Mercury Levels Found In Sushi • Maternal Seafood Consumption Benefits Children's Development • Study: Benefits of Fish Outweigh the Risks • Tests Find Higher Mercury Content In Imported Tuna • Americans Confused about Mercury in Seafood, Survey Finds • Whole Foods Agrees to Post FDA's Mercury Warning • Americans Confused about Health Effects of Eating Fish • Mercury Levels Rising In Sport Fish • FDA Finds High Mercury Levels in Some Canned Light Tuna • Study: Moderate Fish Consumption Poses Mercury Risks • CSPI: Government Should Warn About Mercury in Fish • Whole Foods Pressed To Add Mercury Warnings • Warnings about Mercury in Fish May Do More Harm Than Good • Despite Contaminants, Fish Healthy for Most Men • Fish is Brain Food • FDA Urged to Crack Down on Tuna Mercury Levels • CA Restaurants Will Issue Fish Warnings • California Sues Tuna Canneries

Pressure is mounting on the federal government to require mercury warnings at the grocery store fish counter. The catalyst is a report, commissioned by two environmental groups, suggesting there is enough mercury in some fish to pose risks to even moderate fish consumers.

The two groups, Oceana and the Mercury Policy Project, take issue with recent mercury reports from the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA), which they say were funded by the tuna industry and other fishing interests.

The report release coincides with an international Seafood and Health Conference in Washington, D.C. sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Fisheries Ministries of Norway, Iceland and Canada. Dozens of conservation organizations in the U.S. and Europe have registered formal complaints about the conference due to the scant attention to mercury risks in the agenda.

"Several lines of evidence clearly demonstrate that mercury in fish represents a real and significant public health problem," said Dr. Edward Groth, the report's author.

"Roughly 12 million people who rank in the top 5 percent for fish consumption are potentially at risk for elevated mercury exposure."

"Recent news suggesting that FDA/EPA advice could 'do more harm than good' missed the most important finding in the HCRA study: it showed that if current FDA/EPA advice were properly communicated and followed, mercury's detrimental effects would be avoided without any loss of nutritional benefits."

The report offers six key findings:

• There is enough mercury in certain fish to pose health risks, especially for heavy and moderate fish consumers, women of child-bearing age and children.

• The EPA definition of "safe" exposure to methyl mercury is not over-protective; more likely, it is not protective enough.

• Potential health effects associated with mercury, but not considered in the current definition of "safe" exposure, may mean mercury poses wider risks than previously recognized.

• Contrary to industry and media messages, fish consumption in the United States has been steadily increasing and is now at an all-time high.

• A study by the HCRA, whose authors suggest that advisories could be harmful, has serious methodological weaknesses, and its results have been mischaracterized.

• People can enjoy the benefits that fish provide and avoid the risks of mercury by choosing low-mercury fish.

"We wanted to show both sides of the picture -- the benefits as well as the risks of fish consumption. There is a clear win-win solution, and it's not as complex as risk assessment. It's as simple as signs in stores that would allow families to make informed choices when they buy fish," said Jacqueline Savitz, senior scientist for Oceana and director of the group's Campaign to Stop Seafood Contamination.

"We commissioned this study because the industry is using its considerable resources to mislead the public about the mercury problem in order to sell more fish. This conference is a good example of where the risks of mercury are being given short shrift," said Michael Bender, executive director of the Mercury Policy project, which partnered with Oceana to commission the report.

While the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has warned women and children to avoid swordfish, tilefish, shark, and king mackerel, and to scale back on some types of tuna, the environmental groups say public has not been adequately informed.

They say the report summarizes the scientific literature to addresses common questions and make suggestions to help families balance government warnings about mercury with the need to maintain a healthy diet that includes fish.

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