July 1, 2003
The Federal Trade Commission today announced three enforcement actions against direct marketers of weight-loss products containing ephedra. The two settlements and one complaint, filed in U.S. district court, target deceptive efficacy, safety, and no side effects claims for weight loss supplements containing ephedra (also known as Ma Huang).
The FTC actions challenge false advertising claims that the ephedra supplements cause rapid, substantial, and permanent weight-loss without diet or exercise, and that clinical studies or medical research prove these claims. The FTC also challenges claims that the ephedra weight-loss products are 100% safe, perfectly safe, or have no side effects.
The FTC previously brought four enforcement actions challenging deceptive safety and no side effects claims for ephedra supplements marketed for body-building and energy, and as alternatives to street drugs like Ecstasy.
In these cases, the marketers both overstated the benefits and understated the risks of using the products, said Howard Beales, Director of the FTCs Bureau of Consumer Protection. With these enforcement actions, were putting the marketers of ephedra supplements on notice that the law demands substantiation for your advertising claims, and the FTC will do its best to make sure you have it.
The FTC also is challenging weight-loss claims for several other non-ephedra dietary supplements. One case challenges safety and efficacy claims for a dietary supplement used to treat impotence in men, and another challenges claims that a glucosamine and chondroitin dietary supplement cures arthritis.
The two settlements announced today require Health Laboratories of North America, Inc., USA Pharmacal Sales, Inc., and their principals to stop making false and deceptive advertising claims, to include warnings about the health risks of ephedra and certain other products, and to pay a total of $370,000 in consumer redress. The third case, against Michael S. Levey and others, will proceed to litigation.
Michael S. Levey
The FTC charges California residents Michael S. Levey and Gary Ballen; Bentley Myers International Co., based in Vancouver, Canada; and Publishers Data Services, Inc. and Nutritional Life, Inc., both based in Beverly Hills, California, with violating the FTC Act in marketing dietary supplements purported to cause rapid and substantial weight loss without diet or exercise and to cure arthritis. Levey and Ballen control the companies. In addition, the FTC is charging Levey and the three companies with violating a 1993 FTC order in connection with these marketing activities. The complaint, filed by the Department of Justice on behalf of the FTC, alleges that the defendants:
- made false or unsubstantiated claims that three purported weight loss products Zymax and MillinexES (both containing ephedra), and Serotril (containing St. Johns wort) cause substantial weight loss in a short period of time, without the need to diet or exercise;
- made unsubstantiated no side effects claims for the Zymax and MillinexES ephedra products;
- falsely represented that clinical studies prove that Zymax and MillinexES cause substantial weight loss in a short time without diet or exercise; and
- made unsubstantiated claims that CartazyneDS, a dietary supplement containing glucosamine and chondroitin, cures arthritis, rebuilds cartilage in human joints within days, and is an effective alternative to joint replacement surgery.
The complaint alleges that the defendants advertised these weight loss and arthritis products in brochures that used fictitious expert endorsements, fake consumer testimonials, and false before and after pictures. The defendants allegedly used different business names in marketing their products, such as Denman Scientific Research in ads for Zymax, Cartazyne Sciences International in ads for CartazyneDS, and Serotril Sciences, International in ads for Serotril.
The complaint also alleges that Levey violated the 1993 order by failing to notify the FTC within 30 days after he became affiliated with Bentley Myers and Publishers Data Services. The FTCs 1993 cease and desist order against Michael Levey and his company, Positive Response Marketing, Inc., was based on allegations that Levey made false and misleading representations in television infomercials for the EuroTrym Diet Patch, the Foliplexx hair-loss product, and the Y-Bron impotence treatment, and performed deceptive demonstrations in infomercials for the Magic Wand kitchen mixer. In addition to requiring a $275,000 redress payment, the order prohibits Levey from making unsubstantiated advertising claims and from using deceptive endorsements and demonstrations, and imposes certain recordkeeping and reporting obligations.
Health Laboratories of North America
The FTCs complaint names Health Laboratories of North America, Inc. (HLNA), based in Scottsdale, Arizona, and its director, Marc Kaplan. According to the FTC, the defendants marketed two products under the brand name Berry Trim Plus primarily through direct mail. Both products contained Hydroxycitric Acid or HCA, an extract from brindall berries, and one also contained ephedrine alkaloids from Ma Huang.
The FTC alleges that HLNA made numerous false and unsubstantiated weight-loss claims for Berry Trim Plus through testimonials such as, Teacher Loses 70 lbs. In Only 8 Weeks Easily, and other statements.
USA Pharmacal Sales, Inc.
The FTCs complaint names USA Pharmacal Sales, Inc., and its co-owners, John Pence and Arthur Sussman. The defendants, based in Palm Harbor, Florida, marketed and sold three weight-loss products and an erectile dysfunction supplement. The META-BIOLOGICAL weight-loss cocktail contains ephedrine alkaloids derived from Ma Huang, caffeine, and 19 other ingredients. FATSPONGE IN A PILL is comprised of chitosan and glucomannan, and digestive aids for lactose-intolerant people.
CALOTROL/MD contains chitosan, gymnema sylvestre, HCA, and chromium picolinate. The erectile dysfunction supplement, VIRILE V, contains yohimbine, androstenedione (a steroid hormone), and 12 other active ingredients.
According to the FTC, the defendants advertised their weight loss and erectile dysfunction products through free-standing inserts in regional newspapers and direct mail. The defendants also used an expert medical endorser in some advertisements to tout their products efficacy and safety.
Consumer Tips
Resources for consumers, businesses, and the press are available at www.ftc.gov/dietfit. The FTC has the following tips for consumers who are interested in weight-loss products or programs:
- Products and programs that promise quick and easy weight loss are bogus. To lose weight, you have to lower your intake of calories and increase your physical activity.
- There are no miracle weight-loss products. Be skeptical of products and programs that claim they can keep weight off permanently. Be skeptical about exaggerated claims.
- Consumers who want advice on how to find a healthy weight loss plan should visit the Partnership for Healthy Weight Management Web site at www.consumer.gov/weightloss.
